AP Gov Unit 1 H Day Quiz

the enlightenment

philosophical movement in 18th century; fostered belief that one could reform society

Thomas Hobbes

humans are competitive, selfish, and prone to conflict. A strong undivided government is necessary to prevent chaos.

John Locke

believes in the natural rights of life liberty and property. Believes in government by consent

Jean- Jacques Rousseau

the most egalitarian of the philosophers

Baron de Montesquie

big ideas about separation of powers

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Whose main work was the social contract?

John Locke

what philosopher is associated with the idea of popular sovereignty?

Cesare Beccaria

influenced the bill of rights because of his philosophy on cruel and unusual punishment

popular sovereignty

authority derives from the people

limited government

restricted power by the constitution to protect individual rights

individual rights

protections of personal freedoms as outlined in the bill of rights

equality

all citizens have equal political and legal rights

rule of law

no one is above the law; laws apply equally and are transparent

majority rule minority rights

decisions reflect the majority’s will but protect minority groups from tyranny

Tory authoritarianism

absolute power for the government

whig liberalism

division of power for the government

salutary neglect

helpful neglect, the colonies learned how to be independent

the corrupting nature of power

What did the ideology of republicanism stress?

what is the main cause of the revolution?

attempt to reform British empire after seven years war

Sugar Act, Tea act, Stamp Act, Townshend act

examples of acts implemented by the British

colonists came together to state that they were entitled to all liberties possessed by the people of great brittain

What happened at the Virginia resolves?

What is the difference between virtual and direct representation

Direct representation is when elected officials vote on things based on what the people in their area think is best whereas virtual representation is when officials vote on what is best for “the common good” regardless of what the people in their jurisdiction think.

committees of correspondence

formed to spread information regarding resistance

house of burgesses

based in Virginia. First direct representatives of the colonies

true or false: tensions eased after the Boston massacre

true

first continental congress

all colonies except for Georgia sent representatives to list grievances and do military prep work.

second continental congress

colonists agreed to support the revolutionary war but disagreed on the ultimate purpose

Common sense by Thomas Paine

46 page pamphlet which argued for independence

Thomas Jefferson

who drafted the declaration of independence?

1. restatement of Locke’s theory of government

2. Outline of specific grievances against the crown

What are the two main points of the declaration of independence?

participatory democracy

a system where citizens actively join in making decisions, focusing on wide involvement in politics and community life through votes and public discussions.

Athenian government in which citizens voted on laws directly

Example of participatory government

Pluralist democracy

a system where various interest groups compete to shape policies, sharing power among organizations and stakeholders to balance influence

examples of pluralist democracy

women’s suffrage movement, women’s Christian temperance union

interest groups

organizations of people who unite to influence public policy, advocating for specific causes or benefits to represent their shared interests

Elite democracy

a system where a small group of experienced or privileged individuals lead, relying on their expertise to guide key decisions

examples of elite democracy

roman senate, original U.S senate

Ballot initiative

a process where citizens propose new laws or constitutional amendments, voting directly on them during elections

referendum

a method where voters decide on existing laws or government decisions

National rifle association, American medical association, U.S chamber of commerce

examples of interest groups

elite democracy

what type of democracy became less notable after the progressive era reforms?