Reconstruction + Westward Expansion

facts surrounding lincoln's assassination

1865, John Wilkes Booth, shot at theater.

Bigger Plot: kill pres., v.p, sec. of state, gen. grant

significance of lincoln's assassination

1st president assassination, union- lost its leader, confed. - lost a man who was going to be lenient

explain lincoln's reconstruction plan

goal was to reunite country quickly, 10% plan = 10% of a states pop. had to take loyalty oath + then state can rejoin, pardons, all who take oath, NOT pardon those top military/political people in Confed.

explain the radical Republicans reconstruction plan

harsher measures, wade-davis bill - 50% of state pop. had to take oath, anyone who was part of Confed. not to be able to vote or hold office, Lincoln pocket veteos, waits until Congress is out of session + then veto.

Identify the 2 leading Radical Republicans in Congress at this time.

Sumter, Stevens.

Explain Andrew Johnsons Reconstruction plans

Johnson is poor southerner, wants to punish rich plantation owners (take land away + give to former slaves) supports abolishing Slavery, pardons Confed., he veteos many Civil Rights Acts.

The political party who controlled Congress at this time

Rep. (Republican) Controlled Congress.

Explain the Freedmans Bureau

wellfare system, Helped ex slaves/poor schools, healthcare, food, shelter (Johnson veteos, Congress overrides)

Explain the Reconstruction Act (1867)

Military will control South + enforce laws, pulls away + South gets worse.

Explain the Civil Rights Act (1875)

Equal accomodation in public places, Supreme Court says it only applies to Gov. violations.

Explain the relation between Congress and Andrew Johnson

Didn't get along b/c Johnson vetoes stuff.

13th Amendment

abolished slavery.

14th Amendment

Made African American citizens., equality, anyone born in U.S. is citizen.

15th Amendment

Cannot deny the right to vote based on race, color, previous servitude, South finds loopholes around, don't want blacks to vote.

explain the reasons for Andrew Johnson's impeachment

Pres. Johnson fired sec. of war Stanton w/out Congress approval, Congress disliked Johnson (he vetoed laws) - Tenure of Office act.

explain the impeachment process

House of Rep. will decide charges, Senate acts as jury, impeachment: charged w/ a crime

explain the results of Andrew Johnson's impeachment

found not guilty, he's ruined

identify the voting restriction used to discriminate against blacks

poll tax, literary test

explain the significance of the case of Plessy v. Ferguson

legalized segregation, "sep. but equal"

identify the black codes or Jim Crow laws

racist/discrimination laws

give examples of black codes

Proof of jobs, couldn't assemble/org., no intermarriage,

explain the reason and tactics used by the Ku Klux Klan

Forest, scare blacks/stop from voting, used TERROR! WASP

Describe southern governments in post-Civil War years.

Southern Gov. filled w/ graft (corruption)

Identify the term carpetbaggers

Northerners moving South to exploit the situation.

Identify the term scalawags

White Southerners who supports the Republicans (traitor to your race)

Explain the crop-lien system + sharecropping + tenant farming

All same thing - keep blacks down- they work the fields and don't recieve much $$.

Explain the industry of the South after the Civil War

Tobacco

Explain the reason for the formation of black communities after the Civil War

Develop own communities to better themselves.

Explain the Union League

Political group, helped with black schools, churches, support Rep. party, help fight discrim. in court.

Explain the role of blacks in politics after the Civil War

Blacks got the right to vote, some blacks got voted in congress, Revels and Bruce.

Explain Booker T's Washington's background

Former slave.

Explain Booker T's Washington's advice to blacks

"cast your bucket down where you are" - Stay + force change., vocational education is the way.

Explain Booker T's Washington's accomplishments

Book "Up from Slavery" trade/vocational training founded, Tuskegee Institute.

Explain how whites viewed Booker T Washington

Whites accepted him.

Identify the Amnesty Act

Pardoned all ex-confederates.

Explain the controversy of the Election of 1876

Contested election, House of reps will decide.

Identify the compromise of 1877

Pres. Hayes (R) will be Pres., troops will leave the South.

Explain the results and the impact of ending Reconstruction

Many Pro Civil Rights Laws ignored, much of the South poor farmers, racism cont.

Identify the reasons for westward migration during the later half of the nineteenth century.

Manifest Destiny - God given right to expand West, Adventure, Social/ political democracy (everyone is starting over)

Identify the types of people who moved west during the later half of the nineteenth century.

Farmers, miners, troops.

Identify George Westinghouse.

airbrake "put on breaks going west"

Identify George Pullman.

Sleeping/Luxury Cars

Identify Henry Bessemer.

Better way to make steel

Explain how railroads were financed during the later half of the nineteenth century. finance is more than $)

Gov gives r.r $$ + land

Identify the types of workers who were used as laborers for railroad construction.

Irish + Chinese

Explain why immigrants were disliked.

hostilities break out over jobs

Identify and explain how the government handled the dispute over certain immigrants.

Chinese Exclusion Act - banned chinese laborers from coming to Am.

Identify the Pacific Railway Act.

(What did it establish and what businesses were used)

Gov. paid 2 train companies to make

Transcontinental R.R.

Identify the place where the completion of the first transcontinental railroad took place.

Promontory Point, UT.

Explain how the railroads become consumers of industries.

buy steel, lumber, and coal

Explain how railroads promoted the American economy.

Transported goods faster + cheaper.

Identify Aaron Montgomery Ward.

Ist Catalogue company, Wardrobe.

Identify Gustavus Swift.

Refrigerator box car.

Explain how the railroad era affected American culture (not economically).

R.R. songs - Ive been working on the R.R.

R.R phrases " Full speed ahead", timezones.

Explain the Homestead Act and the pitfalls for some farmers regarding this act.

gave 160 acres if you farmed it for 5 years, people raced for land.

Explain dry farming.

drought - resistant crops, rotate crops, deep plowing.

Identify the problems faced by frontier farmers.

extreme weather, sod homes, locusts, insects- kill crops.

Explain the term open range.

free grazing

Explain the term long drive and identify the most famous long drive route used.

taking cattle to trains, Chrishome Drive

Identify why the open range ended.

Barbed wire

Explain how the myth of cowboys is wrong.

comes from books, glorify cowboys (tough guy), not true.

Explain how mining developed and evolved. (locations, metals, trade)

California, rocky mountains, cornstalk lode- silver mine in nevada, starts of with panning for gold/metal, when dried up - ghost town.

Explain the plight of farmers of the frontier in regards to pricing of crops and railroads.

more farming + more produce + prices (down)

high interest rates on loans, trains overcharging farmers

Identify the goals of the Grange.

(Early and later ones)

started off as a social club, they get involved in politics.

Explain why some people wanted to see more money in circulation.

thought it would lead to more , bimetallism: back up with gold+silver

Identify the Greenback Party.

during the civil war, $$ not backed up by specie, they want this to continue, 1870s there's a depression and party disappears.

Identify how the Populists were formed.

come from farmers workers issues

Describe the Populists platform.

banks + R.R. are to blame, they want: bimetallism, income tax, gov. ownership utilities.

Identify Munn v. Illinois.

states can regulate business.

Identify Wabash v. Illinois.

states can not regulate interstate business (R.R)

Identify the Interstate Commerce Commission.

Federal Gov. regulates interstate bus.

(R.R)

Identify the two ways to increase the amount of money in circulation.

Bimetallism, low interest rates

Identify the major events during the Panic of 1893.

Caused by overspeculation, buying up land + hoping to sell for a profit, Price drops Debate: what to do w/ tariff/ gold or silver., J.P. Morgan bail out U.S. gov. Coxey Army - March to washington demanding jobs

Identify William Jennings Bryan and explain his famous "Cross of Gold" speech.

Jennings Bryan (D) farmers provide food - necessary, supports

bimetallism, gold standard - kill am. economy.

Identify who won the election of 1896 and explain the significance of this election.

McKiney (R) won, now on rep. associated w/ big bus. + strong gov.

Identify the reason for disputes between whites and natives.

land, treaties not official

Identify the people at the battle of Little Big Horn.

custer, sitting bull, & crazy horse

Explain the results of the battle of Little Big Horn.

custer + men slaughtered, whites want revenge.

Explain the results of Sand Creek.

massacre by whites

Explain the events that surrounded the Wounded Knee incident.

natives are rounded up to be put on reservations, ghost dance.

Explain the results of the Wounded Knee incident.

troops massacre natives.

Explain the reservation policy and why it was harmful to native Americans.

land set aside for natives, gov - sent you to reserv. and promise $$ + supply

they lost most of their land, cultural adjust issues

Explain the Dawes Act.

160 acres for natives, had to work for

25 years.

Explain how the Dawes Act turned out negatively.

hurt natives, not accustomed to large farming, often lost land.

Explain how whites tried to assimilate native Americans.

taken away, sent to boarding, new name, hair, food, language, religion.

Explain how frontier farming, the open range, and mining affected the environment.

killed resources, livestock (buffalo), destroyed environment.

Identify Jackson Turner and explain his ideas.

wrote " the significance of the Frontier on American History" the west is america character, rugged individualism, lasting impact, killing more natives, myth of cowboy emerges.

start from nothing, build up -cowboy