Australia - Migration

What percentage of Australia’s population live in urban areas?

89%. Australia is very urbanised.

What can be said about Australia’s environments?

Australia has many environments and climate - many challenges e.g. soil degradation, habitat destruction.

What is the standard of living like in Australia?

They have a high standard of living.

How many resources does Australia have?

Australia has lots of mineral resources.

What is Australia prone to?

Natural hazards - cyclones, droughts, floods, fires.

What did Australian government encourage until the 1970s?

They encouraged young, mainly European families to migrate.

e.g. some UK families given assisted packages for just £10.

What has been put in place since the 1970s?

A skills-based immigration policy has been put in place to increased skilled people.

What is the skills-based immigration policies?

They must pass a points based skills test based on employment record, education and English language speaking.

These skills needed due to ageing population and increasing dependency ratio.

What has happened to Australia’s approach to illegal migration over time?

They have hardened over time.

What did Australia introduce in 1992?

Mandatory detention centres for asylum seekers.

Offshore centres on Manus Island, Papua New Guinea, 2001.

Why did Australia get stricter on international migration?

Wanted to avoid loss of life at sea.

What happened to the Manus Island detention centre in 2016?

The government in Papua New Guinea ruled centres on Manus Island illegal due to suicide and rape.