AP Psychology quiz one

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Science practices: perspectives, ethics and research

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16 Terms

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Confirmation bias

Finding support for previously held beliefs

EX: Global warming? But it’s cold outside

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Cultural norms

shared expectations and rules guiding behavior in a society that influence how people think, act, and interact with one another

EX: Dress codes

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Hindsight Bias

The tendency to believe after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it

EX: Father telling daughter that he “knew all along” that her bf was bad news after they break up

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Overconfidence

A behavior that should be avoided in psychology, often leads us to quick— rather than correct— thinking

EX:(Rahnev, 2020) test of unscrambling words, most people thought they could solve it in ten seconds, when the average was 3 minutes.

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Confidentiality

An important part of any study, Psychologists should keep data or observation about a participant exclusive to practice ethical research

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Debriefing

The post-experimental explanation of a study including its purpose and any deception, to its participants.

EX: researchers should inform participants after if there was a research Confederate

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Informed consent/assent

Giving potential participants enough information about a study to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate (assent for minors)

EX:researchers inform participants what devices will be used in a study and the participant has the choice to enter the study or not

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Institutional review

To enforce ethical standards, universities and research organizations have established institutional review boards comprised of at least five people, which must include one scientist, one non-scientist and one community representative

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Protection from harm

In order to conduct a ethical study, researchers should protect participants from greater-than-usual harm or discomfort

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Research confederates

Researchers aids who pretend to be fellow participants but are actually part of the experiment. But only when they believe it is essential to a justifiable end

EX:understanding and controlling violent behavior or studying mood swings

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Behavioral view

Emphasizes the power of the environment to influence behavior

Reward and punishment

work=money

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Psychodynamic view

Emphasizes unconscious memories, needs, and conflicts as the causes of behavior

The past shapes the future

Someone kills another because they were abused in the past

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Humanistic View

Emphasizes self-concept, free choice, and the potential for growth as the source of behavior

Maximizing potential

Hallway example:choosing your own path

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cognitive view

emphasizes conscious thought, perception, and information processing as the causes of behavior

increase mindfulness:feeling and logic

To kill someone for revenge:memory

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Sociocultural view

emphasizes social interaction and the cultural context of behavior

Race, gender, faith, and modeling

Women usually want to date someone taller than them

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Biological View

Emphasizes the influence of genetics and of physical processes occurring in the brain and the hormone system