HWH1 semester exam

Where was Jesus born?

Bethlehem

What does the word "Mesopotamia" mean?

Land between two rivers

The Swahili language developed from a mixture of what languages?

Arabic, Persian, and local Bantu languages.

The archeologists who did excavations in Crete named the civilization they uncovered what?

The Minoan civilization (after minos)

Status of women during the Tang and Song dynasties

Declining

What helped to increase the slave trade in Africa during the seventh century?

The spread of islam

What is an enduring characteristic of Japanese government?

A dual structure

The wedge shaped writing tool of the Sumerians was called what?

Cuneiform

What two continents were believed to be connected by Beringia?

Asia and North America

Spartan society was centered around what?

War and fighting

In A.D. 79, Mount Vesuvius erupted, covering what city?

Pompeii

What are the followers of Islam called?

Muslims

What is the Torah?

The first 5 books of the bible

In the Persian Wars, the Greeks were victorious at what major battles?

Marathon, Thermopylae

What do most archeologists think was the main reason that the first people crossed Beringia?

They were following migration for food

What are the five pillars of Islam?

belief, prayer, charity, fasting, pilgrimage, the duties required of all muslims.

What crop was most important to the survival of the early Americans?

Maise (corn)

What do muslims do during Ramadan that they do not do year round?

Fast, from sunrise to sunset.

What are Africa's savannas?

grassy plains

Toward what city do Muslims pray?

Mecca

What does the word "Bantu" mean?

people

Who fought in the Punic Wars?

Rome and Carthage

What was the body of civil law created for the Byzantine Empire?

Justinian code

What is Gaul today?

France

What system of law regulates the family life, moral conduct, and the business and community life of Muslims?

Shariah

Most of the Seljuks converted to what religion?

Sunni Islam

The four collections of sacred writings produced by the Aryans during an early age of their settlement in India

was called what?

The Vedas

Orthodax Christianity became the state religion of what empire?

The Roman Empire

Juilius Caesar said, "The die is cast," It is believed he said this when he was doing what?

He rebelliously marched his army over the rubicon, ignoring command.

Who did Muslims consider the "people of the book"?

Jews and Christians

Who are Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva?

Brahma (creator), Vishnu (preserver), Shiva (destroyer)

During the reign of Ivan the Terrible, which of the following groups suffered the greatest loss of power?

The Boyars

What is the main belief of followers of animism?

Animist believe that all people, plants and inanimate object have souls.

What did the Magna Carta guarantee?

basic legal rights

Most people in the Roman empire were engaged in what profession?

Agriculture

The four noble truths and the eightfold path are beliefs that originate in what religion?

buddhism

The city of St. Petersburg was built on land that Russia acquired from a war with what country?

Sweden

Constantinople is now known by what?

Istanbul

What was so unusual about the west african iron age?

They skipped the bronze age.

What did the treaty of Verdun do?

split Charlemagne's empire among his three grandsons

What was the name of the legislative body of medieval France?

Estates General

What did the Restoration "restore" to power in England?

The Monarchy

What was the main reason for Henry VIII's split with the Roman Catholic Church?

Clement VII refused to have his marriage annulled

Who were called the Northmen?

Vikings

During the Middle Ages, where were most European serfs likely to search for freedom?

In towns or cities

What did the Enlightenment promote?

Belief in progress, faith in science, and a more secular outlook

The Peace of Augsburg ended a war between the supporters of what two groups?

German Lutherans and Catholics

In Medieval Europe, what was the bargain made between a Lord and a Vassal?

The lord granted land, called a fief, in exchange for military service or other protection

What nation profited most from trade with the East in the years directly following the Crusades?

Spain, Portugal, and Italy

What Crusade was the only one that was considered successful from a military standpoint? (It was in this Crusade that the Christians retook control of Jerusalem).

The First Crusade

What group was most responsible for the spread of the bubonic plague in Europe in the Late Middle Ages?

Trade with Asia, carrying infected rodents

The Crusades ended when what city fell in 1291?

Acre

Polytheists believe in what?

Many Gods

What led to the War of the Spanish Succession?

Charles II made Louis XIV's grandson his heir

The Renaissance began in what country?

Italy

After the Persian wars, the Delian League was formed, controlled, and dominated by what city-state?

Athens

What was the central issue of the Hundred Years' War?

Dispute over French Succession

What was the Edict of Nantes issued in an effort to do?

To end a series of civil wars between French Catholics and Protestants

The Phoenician colony of Carthage was located where?

On the coast of Northwestern Africa, in what is now Tunisia

The Concordat of Worms resolved a power struggle between what two?

The Empire and the Papacy (Calixtus II and Henry V)

What steps were involved in Mummification?

1 Remove the brain

2 Remove internal organs

3 Cover with Natron (salt)

4 Let sit for 70 days

5 Wrap the body in bandages

6 Place in Sarcophagus

What were the names of Columbus' ships?

Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria

what was the cheif goal of the Crusades?

to recover Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslim Turks

The four collections of sacred writings produced by the Aryans during an early age of their settlement in India was called what?

The Vedas

What did King Ezana of Aksum establish as the kingdom's official religion during his reign?

Christianity

What problems were identified by Church reformers during the Middle Ages?

Priests had children out of Wedlock, Lay Investiture, and Simony

What was the first full-sized book Gutenberg printed?

The Gutenberg Bible

What was the major cause of the Great Schism in the Church?

Arguments about which pope was the true pope

Why did Europeans see Africans as a better source of labor than Native Americans?

They were unfamiliar with the land, and wouldn't know where to hide.

What was one of John Calvin's major teachings?

Predestination

What was the chief means of social and political organization in African stateless societies?

Lineage groups

In a government that uses a civil service system, in order to get a government job, one must do what?

Apply and take an exam

What was the name of the legislative body of medieval England?

Parliament

Which document was created to end the Seven Years' War?

Treaty of Paris (1763)

What effects did the development of agriculture have on early societies in the Americas?

Larger families and groups started communities, and transitioned to a hunter-gatherer setup

Where in the Americas did Christopher Columbus land first?

The Bahamas

The Sahel is a "coastline" of what geographic feature?

The Sahara

What European country was the first to import enslaved Africans to the Americas?

Portugal

What kind of person represented the ideal of the "Renaissance man"?

Someone who excelled in many areas of study

What are the Gospels?

The first four books of the New Testament

How was Africa affected by the Atlantic slave trade?

Increase of power to the African monarchy, and led to economic strength

Shah Abbas

Also known as Abbas the Great, took the throne in 1587 and helped create the Safavid culture

Abraham

Founder of Judaism who, according to the Bible, led his family from Ur to Canaan in obedience to God's command.

Abu Bakr

First caliph of Islam after the death of Muhammad

Aeschylus

father of greek tragedy

the Akkadians

this civilization included Semitic people living north of Sumeria; united city-states of Mesopotamia; first empire in history; established by Sargon the Great

Alexander the Great

King of Macedonia who conquered Greece, Egypt, and Persia

Dante Alighieri

Italian poet who wrote the Divine Comedy

the Amorites

A group of people who overwhelmed the Mesopotamians and founded the Babylonian Empire.

Marc Antony

One of Caesar's generals, Falls in love with Cleopatra, He and Cleopatra declare war on Rome in 31 BC which they lose, member of second triumvirate.

Thomas Aquinas

Scholar who argued that the most basic religious truths could be proved by sound reasoning

Archimedes

scientist/inventor; invented lever and the pulley

Aristarchus

Greek scientist who first stated that the Earth revolved around the Sun, and rotated on its axis.

Aristotle

A Greek Philosopher, taught Alexander the Great, started a famous school, studied with Plato