Psych Test 3.2

Bulimia Nervosa

A condition marked by recurrent binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors like self-induced vomiting or laxative misuse

Binge-Eating Disorder (BED)

A disorder involving recurrent episodes of consuming large amounts of food with a sense of loss of control but without compensatory behaviors

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

A mood disorder requiring at least two weeks of persistent sad mood or loss of interest plus four other symptoms that impair functioning

Bipolar I Disorder

A diagnosis characterized by the occurrence of at least one full-blown manic episode that may alternate with depression

Bipolar II Disorder

A diagnosis requiring at least one hypomanic episode (milder high) alternating with at least one major depressive episode

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

The presence of two or more distinct personality states (alters) and recurrent gaps in the recall of everyday events

Conversion Disorder

A condition where neurological symptoms like paralysis or blindness occur without medical cause and defy known anatomical logic

Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD)

A disorder where the clinical focus is on the individual's excessive and disproportionate reaction to existing physical symptoms

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Persistent worry about having a serious illness in individuals who have mild or no actual somatic symptoms

Malingering

The intentional production of symptoms for external incentives such as financial gain

Factitious Disorder

The intentional faking or inducing of symptoms solely to assume the "sick role" without external rewards

"Piano Man" Case

A real-world example of potential malingering where an individual's unusual behavior was suspected of being for personal gain

Anna O.

A famous historical patient of Freud whose "hysterical" symptoms (conversion) helped form the basis of psychodynamic theory

Anorexia vs. Bulimia (Weight)

The primary diagnostic differentiator: Anorexia is diagnosed when weight is notably low while Bulimia occurs at normal or above weight

SSD vs. Illness Anxiety Disorder

SSD involves an excessive reaction to actual physical symptoms

Bipolar I vs. Bipolar II

Bipolar I requires a full manic episode (severe impairment)

Localized vs. Selective Amnesia

Localized is forgetting all events in a specific period

Aaron T. Beck

The developer of Cognitive Theory who proposed the negative cognitive triad (negative thoughts about self

Martin Seligman

The psychologist who developed the learned helplessness theory to explain how uncontrollable environments lead to depression

Pierre Briquet

The physician who in 1859 first described "hysteria

Elizabeth Loftus

A researcher whose work on false memories suggests that some memories of abuse may be inadvertently implanted by therapists

William Gull and Ernest-Charles Lasègue

The two 19th-century physicians who are credited with first recognizing and naming Anorexia Nervosa

Hilde Bruch

A pioneer in eating disorder research who identified body image distortion and a sense of ineffectiveness as core features of anorexia

Zero Suicide Model

A multilevel societal approach that uses evidence-based practices to reduce repeated suicide attempts and completions

Enhanced Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT-E)

A leading transdiagnostic treatment designed to address core features (like perfectionism) across all eating disorders

Family-Based Therapy (FBT)

A treatment for adolescent anorexia where parents are actively involved and placed in charge of the child's renutrition

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)

A childhood diagnosis (ages 6–18) for severe temper outbursts

Physiological Dependence

A state where the body relies on a drug as evidenced by tolerance (needing more for the same effect) and withdrawal (physical symptoms when the drug is absent)

Psychological Dependence

Emotional symptoms like intense cravings and restlessness based on memory traces of the drug experience rather than physical symptoms

DSM-5-TR Severity Levels (SUD)

A diagnostic framework where a substance use disorder is categorized as mild (2–3 symptoms)

Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological)

A condition where neurological symptoms like paralysis or blindness defy known anatomical logic (e.g.

La Belle Indifference

A clinical observation where a patient with Conversion Disorder appears unusually unconcerned about their dramatic physical symptoms

Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another

A form of child abuse where a caregiver (usually the mother) induces or fakes symptoms in a child to play the sick role by proxy

Dissociative Fugue

A subtype of amnesia involving identity loss accompanied by purposeful travel or bewildered wandering

Localized vs. Selective Amnesia

Localized is forgetting all events in a specific period

Posttraumatic Model of DID

The etiological theory that dissociation is a coping mechanism used to compartmentalize and survive extreme childhood trauma

Sociocognitive Model of DID

The theory that DID is an iatrogenic condition—produced by therapist suggestions and media cues rather than trauma alone

Unified Protocol (UP) for DID

A 20-session transdiagnostic treatment that has shown success in reducing DID symptoms to the point of losing the diagnosis

Major Depressive Disorder Time Span

An episodic mood disorder requiring at least two weeks of persistent sad mood or anhedonia plus four other symptoms

Atypical Depression

A subtype of MDD characterized by increased sleep (hypersomnia) and increased appetite

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

A chronic state of depression lasting at least two years where the person is never symptom-free for more than two months

Double Depression

A clinical situation where an individual with chronic Persistent Depressive Disorder experiences an acute Major Depressive Episode

Cyclothymic Disorder

A chronic condition (2+ years) of hypomanic and depressive symptoms that do not meet full criteria for Bipolar I or II

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)

A childhood diagnosis (6–18) created to reduce the overdiagnosis of pediatric bipolar disorder by focusing on chronic irritability

Active vs. Passive Suicidal Ideation

Passive is a wish to be dead without a plan

Strongest Predictor of Suicide

A history of prior attempts

Zero Suicide Model

A multilevel societal approach that uses evidence-based practices across systems to reduce suicide attempts

Lithium

The "gold standard" medication for stabilizing mood shifts and preventing episodes in Bipolar Disorder

Anorexia (Binge-Eating/Purging Subtype) vs. Bulimia

The primary differentiator is weight

Objective vs. Subjective Binge

An objective binge involves an unusually large amount of food

Binge-Eating Disorder (BED)

Recurrent binge eating episodes without the use of compensatory behaviors like vomiting or laxative misuse

Atypical Anorexia Nervosa (OSFED)

A diagnosis where all anorexia criteria are met

Enhanced Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT-E)

A 20-session transdiagnostic treatment that targets perfectionism and low self-esteem across all eating disorders

Weight Restoration

The first critical step in Anorexia treatment because starvation-induced cognitive impairment prevents effective psychotherapy

Fluoxetine (Prozac)

The only FDA-approved medication specifically for the treatment of Bulimia Nervosa

Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)

An FDA-approved medication used to treat Binge-Eating Disorder