Chromosomes
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9 Terms
What are Chromosomes?
inherited structures made up of DNA wrapped around proteins
Homologous Chromosomes
Chromosomes that are similar in size/shape and that carry the same genes.
One from mother and one from father received
Human chromosomes
23 pairs of homologous chromosomes, 46 chromosomes in total
22 pairs are called autonomes
one pair is the sex chromosomes
Genes
sections of DNA that control a specific characteristic/trait
Allele
specific form of gene
occupies same locus (location) as other alleles of the same gene
Genome
all the genetic information of an individual organism
Gene pool
consist of all the forms of genes possible in a population of that organism
Gene mutation
a random change in genetic material
mistakes happen in DNA replication, usually not harmless
Only mutations within sex cells/gametes are passed onto offspring
Karyotype
a photograph of chromosome pairs arranged in order by their size and shape
Note 
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