Horace Odes 3.14 Augustus Returns Prescribed Source

What is the date of this ode?

23 BC

'O citizens, conquering Caesar is home from the Spanish shores'

Celebrates' Augustus' return - emphasises importance in society. Specifically celebrating his victory ('conquering') in Spain

'Seeking that laurel, that bouts at the price of death'

Laurel is symbol of victorious military campaign - but Horace reminds us of the cost of his exploits

'May his wife rejoice in a matchless husband'

Tone changes to one of celebration and piety - this presents Augustus as the ideal husband, perfect example of paterfamilias - he is effective and potent leader in war and peace

'Having sacrificed to true gods...'

Livia is linked to Roman religion as participates in sacrifice. Presented as perfect Roman matrona, very virtuous as did this in Augustus' absence - can be trusted to keep household affairs and honour gods in his absence

'Appear now with our famous leader's sister, and, all dressed in holy ribbons'

Reference to religious festival; mentions Octavia - every part of Augustus' family is pious; they are role models for onlookers; 'famous leader' glorifies Augustus

'This day will be a true holiday for me, and banish dark care: I'll not fear civil war, nor sudden death by violence, while Caesar has command of the earth'

No need to be afraid anymore; long and tiring civil wars are over through Augustus' reign. Roman people are safe in Augustus' victory and rule. 'Command of the earth' - magnitude of his power is over whole empire, exaggerating its extent to be over whole world

'Go, now, you boys, seek out perfumes and garlands'

Call to join in festival and rejoicing; these religious festivals are only possible through Augustus' reign

'Tell that graceful Neaera to hurry and fasten all her perfumed hair in a knot'

behaving as perfect Roman matrona, modest hairstyle, obedient to husband

'My greying hair softens a spirit eager for arguments and passionate fights: I'd not have endured it in my hot youth, while Plancus was Consul'

Horace is changed and desires peace in old age - wisdom of elders. 'Plancus' - consul in 43-42BC. Refers to battle of Philippi where Horace fought against Octavian (presumably with Brutus and Cassius). Horace is now loyal to this better leader Augustus.