PEH Reviewer 3rd Qtr

Pakisabi nalang po if ever may corrections. Review well & Good luck - reg

Dance

\- an art of expression of the body following rhythmic patterns, and is accompanied by music

Dance

\- has been a part of ritual and religious occasions and is vital for self-expression

stress management

Dance is totally a usual method to \---

Dance

\- it is an exercise that improves mobility, muscle coordination and reduces tension in the body

The Elements of Dance

\- are the foundational concepts and vocabulary that help students develop movement skills and understand dance as an artistic practice

1. Body
2. Action
3. Space
4. Time
5. Energy

5 elements of dance (B.A.S.T.E)

Body

\- is the mobile figure or shape

\- is sometimes relatively still and sometimes changing as the dancer moves in place

Action

\- act of dancing

\- it can include dance steps, facial movements, partner lifts, gestures, and even everyday movements such as walking

\- Dance is made up of streams of movement and pauses, so action refers not only to steps and sequences, but also to pauses and moments of relative stillness

Space

\- dancers interact with it in countless ways

\- they may stay in one place or they may travel

\- relationship may be based on geometric designs

Time

\- rhythmic and repetition patterns of a dance

\- dictates the duration of a dance and the speed in the execution of its steps

Energy

\- corresponds to the degree of tension or fluidity with which the steps are executed

\- considered as the most complex of the elements of dance

Energy

\- can convert the dance from rigid to fluid and with naturalness

1. Traditional
2. Modern and Contemporary
3. Ballroom
4. Cheer Dance
5. Hip-hop Dance
6. Festival dance

6 Types of Dance

Traditional dance

\- dances of indigenous communities that show cultural traits

\- give reflection of history, nature, beliefs, character, and religion

1. folkdance
2. ethnic dance
3. ceremonial dance

other terms for traditional dance

Modern dance

\- a dance style that focuses on a dancer's own interpretations instead of structured steps

\- favor movements derived from the expression of their inner feelings

Contemporary dance

\- a style of expressive dance that combines elements of several dance genres including modern, jazz, lyrical, and classical ballet

\- strive to connect the mind and the body through dance movements

Modern dance

\- Codified dance steps

\- The dance movements are pre-arranged/choreographed

\- Easier than contemporary dance

Contemporary dance

\- Not codified

\- Can still insert movements while performing

\- expressive and can include moves from other genres

ball; ballare

\- Ballroom is derived from the word "---' (a large room) and "---" (to dance)

Ballroom

\- is a couple's dance or a set of partner dances moving to the music using step-patterns and rhythms that match the character of a given song

\- can be enjoyed both socially and competitively all over the world

Cheer Dance

\- also known as cheerleading

Cheer Dance

\- refers to a type of grouped dance that intends to give motivation to support a sporting team, entertain audience, or competition

United States; 1800s

\- Cheer dance originated in the "---" in the early ---

Hip-hop dance

\- a unique and exciting style of street dance

\- a vibrant form of dance that combines variety of freestyle movements to create a cultural piece of art

1. Popping
2. Locking
3. Breaking

3 main styles of Hip-hop dance

African dancing

\- Hip-hop dance is originally inspired by the movements of --- (late 1960's and early 1970's)

Festival dances

\- brings community to be as one in celebrating joyful events and socialize

fiesta

\- In the Philippines, the Spanish word "---" is used to denote a communal religious feast to honor a patron saint

Sinulog Festival

\- Cebu City

\- sign of appreciation for Sto. Nino

\- 3rd Sunday of January

Ati-Atihan

\- Kalibo, Aklan

\- expression of gratitude and appreciation

\- 3rd Sunday of January

Panagbenga Festival

\- Baguio City

\- flowers are organized in the month of February

\- 3rd Saturday/Sunday of February

City of Flowers

Panagbenga festival introduces Baguio as "\---"

Masskara Festival

\- Bacolod City

\- to lift the spirits of people and hide suffering

\- 4th Sunday of October

Pahiyas Festival

\- Lucban, Quezon

\- is a celebration of thanksgiving for good harvest

\- began in the 16th century

\- done in honor of San Isidro Labrador

\- May 15

pahiyas

"\---" actually means precious offering

Kadayawan Festival

\- Davao City

\- is a native expression in the Dabawnon tongue

\- celebrate this as a thanksgiving festival and a tribute to its indigenous people

\- 3rd week of August

madayaw

\- Kadayawan festival is derived from the word "---" which means 'good'

Body Movements

\- The change in the position of a body part with respect to the whole body

\- It is one of the significant features of all living beings

joints

Body Movements are possible because of ---

Joints

\- Points in our body where two or more parts of our skeleton are connected together

\- help our body carry out different activities and movement

1. Immovable or fixed joints (Fibrous)
2. Slightly moveable joints (Cartilaginous)
3. Freely moveable joints (Synovial)

3 Types of Joints

Immovable or fixed joints (Fibrous)

\- These joints are held together by tough tissue which develops during childhood.

\- Examples: the Cranium, pelvis, and vertebrae.

Slightly moveable joints (Cartilaginous)

\- Movement is needed but only to a certain point

\- Example: the vertebral column.

\- Individual vertebrae are separated by cartilage.

Freely moveable joints (Synovial)

\- These joints are also called synovial and allow movement to take place.

Synovial Joints

\- All have something called Synovial Fluid in them that lubricates the joint like oil in a **working engine**

\- It enables all parts of the joint to move against each other smoothly

Synovial Joints

\- This is inside the synovial (joint) capsule which holds the fluid in place.

\- The synovial membrane lies inside the capsule, where the fluid is produced.

1. Ball and Socket Joints
2. Hinge Joints
3. Pivot Joints
4. Gliding Joints
5. Saddle Joints
6. Condyloid Joints

6 Types of Synovial Joints

Ball and Socket Joints

\- Of all the joints in the body, this joint allows the **greatest range of movement**.

\- One end of the bone is shaped like a ball, and it fits into a hollow socket at the end of another joint.

\- They are held together by ligaments and tendons

Hinge Joints

\- Allows extensive flexion and extension (Bending and straightening) with only a tiny amount of rotation

\- Made by joining two bone ends with smooth surfaces. They are shaped to move against each other with minimum friction.

\- Strong ligaments stop the bones from sliding from one side to the other.

Pivot Joints

\- Allow only rotation

\- Works by the end of one bone having a “peg,” which fits into a “ring” formed by the other bone.

\

Gliding Joints

\- Allow flexion and extension through a slight gliding motion between the ends of small bones such as hands and feet.

\- These small bones can move over one another to increase the flexibility of the hands and feet.

\- Strong ligaments link them together and stop them from moving too far.

Saddle Joints

\- Occur where concave and convex surfaces meet.

\- Saddle joints allow the movement of the joint forward and backwards, and right to left.

\- Examples include the fingers and thumbs.

Condyloid Joints

\- Within the condyloid joint, the full convex shape of one bone end fits into the full concave shape of an adjacent bone.

\- Allows for movement in all directions, however, complete rotations.

\- Main example is the wrist.

1. Cartilage
2. Ligaments
3. Tendons

3 Connective Tissues

Cartilage

\- Cushion between bones to stop them from rubbing or causing friction

\- Helps in shock absorption and connects joints

Ligaments

\- Very strong string that holds bones together.

\- They limit movement and stabilize joints.

Tendons

\- Attached muscles to bones (or to other muscles)

\- Transfers force by the muscle to the bone.

1. Flexion
2. Extension
3. Hyperextension
4. Abduction
5. Adduction
6. Circumduction
7. Rotation

7 Types of Movements

Flexion

\- Contraction resulting in a degree decrease in an angle at a joint.

Extension

\- Opposite of flexion increases angle between two bones.

Hyperextension

\- Results when the angle is >180 degrees

Abduction

\- Movement of a limb away from the midline

Adduction

\- Opposite of abduction movement of limb toward the midline

Circumduction

\- Combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

Rotation

\- Movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis

1. Dorsiflexion
2. Plantar flexion
3. Inversion
4. Eversion
5. Supination
6. Pronation
7. Opposition

7 Special Movements

Dorsiflexion

\- Occurs at the ankle, pulling the distal end of the foot towards the tibia

Plantar flexion

\- Extension, pulling the distal end of the foot away from the tibia

Inversion

\- Turn sole of foot medially

Eversion

\- Turn sole of foot laterally

Supination

\- Forearm rotates laterally so palm faces up

Pronation

\- Forearm rotates medially so palm faces down

Opposition

\- Move thumb to touch the tips of other fingers on the same hand