Algebra II Midterm Termonlogy

Natural Numbers

Counting numbers starting at 1 (1, 2, 3, …)

Whole Numbers

Natural numbers plus 0 (0, 1, 2, 3, …)

Integers

Positive and negative whole numbers including 0

Rational Numbers

Numbers that can be written as a fraction or terminating/repeating decimal

Irrational Numbers

Decimals that never end and never repeat (like √2, π)

Real Numbers

All rational and irrational numbers

Set Notation

A way to list numbers using braces { }

Order of Operations

Rules for solving expressions (PEMDAS)

Absolute Value

Distance from 0 on a number line

Additive Identity

0 (adding it doesn’t change a number)

Multiplicative Identity

1 (multiplying by it doesn’t change a number)

Additive Inverse

A number and its opposite (a + −a = 0)

Multiplicative Inverse (Reciprocal)

A number times its reciprocal equals 1

Commutative Property

Order doesn’t matter (a + b = b + a)

Associative Property

Grouping doesn’t matter

Distributive Property

a(b + c) = ab + ac

Reflexive Property

A number equals itself (a = a)

Symmetric Property

If a = b, then b = a

Equation

A math statement with an equals sign

Inequality

A comparison using

Solution

A value that makes an equation or inequality true

No Solution

There is no value that makes the statement true

Extraneous Solution

A solution that doesn’t actually work when checked

Absolute Value

Distance from 0 (used in equations/inequalities)

Compound Inequality

Two inequalities connected by “and” or “or”

Interval Notation

A way to write solution sets using parentheses and brackets

All Real Numbers

Every number on the number line

Relation

A set of ordered pairs

Function

A relation where each input has exactly one output

Domain

All x

Range

All y

Function Notation

Writing functions as f(x)

Vertical Line Test

Determines if a graph is a function

Discrete Graph

Individual points

Continuous Graph

Connected points/line

Slope (Rate of Change)

How fast y changes compared to x

Intercepts

Where a graph crosses the x

Slope Intercept Form

y = mx + b

Point Slope Form

_ y −_y₁ = m(x _x₁)

Standard Form

Ax + By = C

Linear Function

A function with a constant slope

Non Linear Function

A function that is not a straight line

Scatter Plot

A graph showing data points

Linear Regression Equation / Trend Line

A line that best fits data points

Linear Inequality

An inequality graphed as a shaded region