Ch. 37 Soil and Plant Nutrition

inorganic, organic

A soils composition refers to its _________ (mineral) and _________ (chemical) components.

fertilization

__________ replaces mineral nutrients that have been lost from the soil.

phosphorous, potassium, nitrogen

Commercial fertilizers are high in ___________, __________, ___________ (3 elements in alphabetical order)

excess minerals

_______ _________ are often leached from the soil and can cause algal blooms in lakes.

compost, fishmeal,manure

Organic fertilizers are composed of _________, __________, or ___________ (list in alphabetical order).

decompose

Organic fertilizers release phosphorous, potassium, and nitrogen as they __________.

essential elements

Plants require __________ _________ to complete their life cycle.

air, soil, water

What are the 3 essential elements to for plants to live? (list in alphabetical order)

80, 90

_____ - _______ % of a plant's fresh mass is water.

4, inorganic substances

_____ % of a plant's dry mass is _______ _________ from soil.

(to look at a plant's dry mass, you need to bake it. You are looking at the plant after water has been removed).

96, CO2

_____% of a plant's dry mass is from ____ assimilated during photosynthesis.

chemical, life cycle

There are 17 essential elements, or _________ elements required for a plant to complete its _____ ________.

hydroponic culture

Researchers use ________ ______ to determine which chemical elements are essential.

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STUDY TABLE 37.1 ON PAGE 791.

YOU MUST KNOW THE MACRONUTRIENTS AND MICRONUTRIENTS (JUST KNOW THE FIRST COLUMN)

For macronutrients, C, H, O are the 3 biggies

type "ok" for answer

macronutrients

______________ are called so because the plant needs them in fairly large amounts.

micronutrients

____________ are called so because the plant needs them in fairly small amounts.

Phosphorous, Potassium, Nitrogen

The most common deficiencies in plants are _________, ________, __________. (list in alphabetical order)

relationships

Plant nutrition often involves ____________ with other organisms

soil, plant

The rhizosphere falls under the category of ___ bacteria and ______ nutrition.

bacteria, decomposers, nitrogen fixers

The rhizosphere is an area around a root that contains _______. The bacteria act as ____________ and ________ -_______.

rhizobacteria, sugars, amino acids, organic acids

___________ thrive in the rhizosphere and some can enter the roots. The roots benefit the rhizobacteria because they give out _______, ______ _____, and _______ _____, which can all be used by the rhizobacteria.

hormones, healthier, antibiotics, metals, nutrients

Rhizobacteria can also...

-produce _________ which stimulate plant growth

-if the rhizobacteria are present then the plant is _______

-can produce ___________, that will protect the plant from harmful bacteria or disease.

-can absorb toxic _______

-makes _______ more available to plants.

NO3, NH4

Plants will absorb nitrogen as ____ (nitrate) or _____ (ammonium)

rhizobium, legumes, nodules

___________ is an example of a nitrogen fixing bacteria. This bacteria is very commonly found in ________. On legumes there are _________.

ok

FIGURE 37.11 Image of nodules, roots.

This is the epitome of a symbiotic relationship.

Type "ok" for answer.

ok

Figure 37.10

-4 different sets of bacteria

-with atmosphere as white background

-brown area rhizosphere

Type "ok" for answer.

mycorrhizae, surface area, growth, endomycorrhizae, ectomycorrhizae

___________ are fungi that form mutualistic relationships with plants.

- these fungi increase _________ ______ of plants

-secrete growth factors that stimulate _______

-there are 2 kinds of mycorrhizae: ____________ or (arbuscular mycorrhizae) and ______________

carnivorous, epiphytes, parasitic plants

There are 3 kinds of plants, names these in alphabetical order. These have other nutritional requirements

epiphytes, water, minerals

__________ are plants that grow on another plant.

-The plant attached to another plant gets _______ and ________ for itself. It does not pull water and minerals from host plant.

EX: FIG. 37.15

parasitic plants

_________ ______ are plants that absorb sugar and minerals from the living host plant.

EX: FIG. 37.15 -> mistle toe, dodder, and indian pipe plants are all parasitic

,Carnivorous, nitrogen, kill, ingest

__________ plants are photosynthetic. They are typically found in areas that have low _________ levels.

-these plants ____ and _______ animals, mostly insects, to get the nitrogen from them.

EX: pitcher plant, venus flytrap, Sundews