Dentifrices, Mouthrinses, Whiteners, Bleaching and Chewing Gums Ch. 11

What is the Substance Used With a Toothbrush for Patient Oral Hygiene?

Dentifrice

What Does Therapeutic Effect Mean to DO?

to prevent/reduce disease gingivitis and biofilm

What Do Therapeutic and Cosmetic Dentifrices Want to Prevent?

• Dental caries prevention

• Reduction of sensitivity

• Reduction of calculus formation

• Reduction of gingivitis

• Tooth-whitening (bleaching)

What is the Purpose/Uses of These Therapeutic/Cosmetic Dentifrices?

prior to or during treatment, to promote shrinkage, part of home selfcare, malodor control, and post tx therapy

What are the Basic Components of Paste Dentifrices?

cleaning/polishing agents, water, humectants, therapeutic agent, binding agent, flavoring agent, sweetening agent, detergent, coloring and preservatives

What Degree of Abrasives are there in Toothpaste?

20-40%

How Much Water/Moisture is in Toothpaste?

20-40%

What are Humectants?

moisturizers in toothpaste

What do Humectants Do?

retain moisture, prevent hardening, and stabilize the preparation

How Much Therapeutic Agent is in Toothpaste?

1-2% (t)

What are the 3 Common Therapeutic Agents in Toothpaste?

zinc citrate, sodium & stannous fluoride, and potassium nitrate

What Does a Binding Agent Prevent?

Prevents separation and is a thickener

How Much of a Binding Agent is in Toothpaste?

1-2% (b)

How Much of the Flavoring Agent is in Toothpaste?

1-1.5% (f)

What Does the Flavoring Agent Do?

masks other ingredients for public acceptance

How Much of the Sweetening Agent is in Toothpaste?

1-1.5% (s)

What does the Sweetening Agent Contribute to the Toothpaste?

imparts a pleasant flavor, increase shelf life (should be noncariogenic)

What is the Most Common Sweetening Agent in Toothpaste?

Xylitol (noncariogenic & reduces microorganisms)

How Much of the Detergent is in Toothpaste?

1-2% (d)

What Does the Detergent (surfactant) Do?

lowers surface tension and contributes to foaming action

What do Preservatives in Toothpaste Do?

prevent bacterial growth and prolongs shelf life

Define Mouthrinse

a liquid preparation used for cleaning the mouth or freshening the breath

What is an Example of a Salivary Substitue?

Biotene Salivart

What are Essential Oils Great Against?

gram (+) (-) bacteria under the pockets

Which Mouthrinse is NOT ADA Accepted?

cosmetic

What is a Common Therapeutic Solution in Mouthrinse?

chlorhexidine gluconate (.12%)

What is the 1 Side Effect of Using CHX Glucaonate?

brown staining

How Many mL of Essential Oils be Used?

10 mL once a day

What are the 3 Categories of Mouthrinses?

cosmetic, therapeutic and self made

What are the 3 Main Components in Mouthrinses?

zinc salts, essential oils, and chlorine dioxide

What Does Chlorine Dioxide Do?

reduce the VSCs (Volitor Sulfur Compounds)

What is the Recommended age for children to use mouthwash?

6+ years old

What are the Characteristics of a Chemotherapeutic Agent?

non toxic, no/limited absorption, substantivity and bacterial specificity

Why Should Mouthwashes be Nontoxic ?

so it does not damage oral tissues

Why Should Mouthwashes have No/limited Absorption?

so its confined to the oral cavity

Why Should Mouthwashes have Bacterial Specificity?

specific to kill certain specific microorganisms

What are the Functions of Chemo-Therapeutic Agents?

oxygenating, astringent, anodyne, buffering, deodorizing, and antimicrobial

What are the 3 Types of Fluoride?

NaF (sodium fluoride), SnF, and APF

What is Used for Fluoride Toxicity due to its absorbent Characteristics?

Activated Charcoal

What Kind of Particles Tend to be More Abrasive?

Large & irregular

When Should Activated Charcoal Not Be Used?

contraindicated for diabetic patients & some heart patients because this counteracts medication absorption which means that it can make it ineffective

Define Whitening

refers to the use of abrasive agents contained in a toothpaste to remove extrinsic stains within the dental tubules

Define Bleaching

involves free radicals and the breakdown of pigment, which occurs in the tooth bleaching procedures

What are the 2 Common Bleaching Agents?

hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide

What Does Carbamide Peroxide Do?

a 10-15% solution that breaks down to its active ingredients of hydrogen peroxide & urea (byproduct of the active ingredient)

What Does the Breakdown of Hydrogen Peroxide Do?

breaks down into oxygens that penetrates the tooths surface & removes stain

Define Reverse Pulpitis

hypersensitivity is due to overusing bleaching product is due to the pulp being affected by soaking in the bleaching product

What are the Professional Applied Bleaches Concentrated at?

hydrogen peroxide ranging form 30-40% & carbamide peroxide 35-44%

What is Stronger; Hydrogen Peroxide vs Carbamide Peroxide?

hydrogen peroxide

What is the Difference in Working Time of Hydrogen Peroxide vs Carbamide Peroxide?

hydrogen px is shorter & carbamide px is longer

What is a non-alcoholic sweetener that Inhibits the growth of Strep. Mutans?

Xylitol

What are the Disadvantages of Bleaching?

may damage pulp or soft tissue, tooth sensitivity, gingival irritation, delay wound healing

How Long Does it Take for Bleaching Products Penetrate the Enamel & Dentin?

within 5-15 minutes

What is released in Bleaching Products that Changes the Optical Qualities of the Tooth Color?

Oxygen

How Does Xylitol inhibit the growth of Strep. Mutans?

by starving the bacteria (cell death) by disturbing the energy production & cells from occurring

What are Contraindications for Bleaching?

tooth colored restorations, photo sensitive pts, and children

What popular antibacterial ingredient was found to increase the risk of cancer & decrease fertility?

Triclosan