Electricity, Circuit Diagrams and Logic gates

Electricity

Defined as a flow of electric current. Charge is a property of matter just like mass and volume

Static Electricity

Happens when you rub 2 things together.

Open switch

What symbol is this?

Buzzer

What symbol is this?

Resistor

What symbol is this?

Battery

What symbol is this?

Voltmeter

What symbol is this?

Ammeter

What symbol is this?

Cell

What symbol is this?

Closed switch

What symbol is this?

Lamp

What symbol is this?

Resistor

• has 2 passive terminals

• Implements electrical resistance

• used to reduce current flow

Capacitor

• temporarily stop electric charge

• 2nd most common component

Diode

• allows current to flow in 1 direction

• has 2 terminals called the anode and the cathode

• current will flow when the positive voltage is on the anode and negative is applied to the cathode

• if reversed current will not flow

Transistor

• 3 terminals

• Voltage applied to one terminal (the base) can control current flow across the other two (collector and emitter)

• most important

Direct Current (DC)

Current only flows in one direction

Alternating Current (AC)

• changes direction periodically

• more efficient

Closed Circuit

Open circuit

short circuit

Series circuit

Parallel circuit

Magnetism

• produced by a magnetic field

• The force acts at a distance from the source of the magnetic field

Potential

Voltage is the difference in charge between 2 points

Flow

Current is the rate at which charge is flowing

impedance

Resistance is a material’s tendency to resist the flow of charge

Conductor

• allow for charge to transfer through the free movement of electrons.

NOT gate

 it accepts a single input and the output is the opposite value

AND gate

– it accepts 2 wires, and if both the wires are ‘on’ it outputs 1. If either are off, the output is 0

OR gate

 it accepts 2 wires, and as long as either wire is 1, the output is 1

NOR gate

it accepts 2 wires, and if any of its inputs are 1 it will give an output of 0

NAND gate

 It accepts 2 wires, and if both inputs are 1 the output is 0, or if both wires are 0 the output is 1 . If there is a 1 output is 1.

XOR gate

it accepts 2 wires, and if one input is 1 the output is 1, and if both inputs are 0 or if both are 1 the output is 0

Resistor

What is this?

Impedance

the total opposition to the flow of alternating current (AC) in a circuit, encompassing both resistance and reactance