chapter 4

mayflower compact

forerunner of the Constitution; established principles of laws, and submission to authority, self-initiative, etc.

• fundamental orders of Connecticut

• Massachusetts body of liberties

• William penn’s frame of government

the mayflower compact laid the foundation for other documents like: _________ _______ ___ ________, _________ ____ __ _______, _________ _____ ______ ___ __________

charters

original “constitutions” for the colonies; viewed as the “higher laws”

state constitutions

several colonies had their own constitutions by the end of the War for Independence; gave the founding fathers experience in creating a constitution

convention method

used by Massachusetts; constitution was created by delegates but approved by the people

massachusetts

fill in the blank

the convention method was used by __________

articles of confederation

1. First national Constitution in America’s history 

2. Created by 2nd Continental Congress during the war 

3. Completely ratified by the states by 1781

1781

fill in the blank

the articles of confederation was completely ratified by the states by ______

confederacy

1. “A firm league of friendship.” 

2. Central government is beneath the state government

land ordinance of 1785

surveyed and sold land to western settlers

northwest ordinance of 1787

created governments for western territories (equal to other states)

1. 9

2. legislative

3. tax

fill in the blank

what are the weaknesses of the articles?

1. __ states had to approve decisions made 

2. Only provided for a ________ (law-making) branch of government

   1. No power to ____

shay’s rebellion

a rebellion led by Daniel Shays as a result of a financial crisis for debt-ridden farmers in post-Revolution America

the critical period

fill in the blank

years of the Articles of Confederation are called “___ ______ _____”

mt. vernon

George Washington’s home that held 2 conferences dealing with interstate commerce and navigation

annapolis convention

an attempt was made in 1786 to discuss a new Constitution

5

how many delegates attended the Annapolis convention?

philadelphia

fill in the blank

the meeting (Annapolis convention) was rescheduled in ________ for the next year (1787)

55

how many delegates (representatives of a state) attended the convention?

• george washington

• Benjamin Franklin

most famous delegates at the constitutional convention

james Madison

Father of the Constitution; promoted the “chosen plan” and helped explain the constitution to the people

independence hall (PA)

the site of the Constitutional Convention

great decision

early decision that created a new Constitution instead of revising the old articles

1. federal system

2. republican system

3. representation

fill in the blank

with the Connecticut compromise,

1. Most agreed on a ______ ______ (divided powers) and _______ _______ (officials representing the people) 

2. The issue of _________ caused conflict

virginia plan

1. Proposed by Edmund Randolph and James Madison 

2. Bicameral Legislature 

3. Representation would be proportional (based on population) to each state

edmund randolph

fill in the blank

the Virginia plan was proposed by ________ _______ and James madison

bicameral

fill in the blank

the Virginia plan is a ________ legislature

proportional

fill in the blank

with the Virginia plan, representation would be ________ (based on population) to each state

new jersey plan

1. Proposed by William Patterson on New Jersey 

2. Unicameral Legislature 

3. Representation would be equal

william patterson

fill in the blank

the new jersey plan was proposed by _______ ________

unicameral

fill in the blank

the new jersey plan is a ________ legislature

equal

fill in the blank

with the new jersey plan, representation would be ______

connecticut (great) compromise

1. Proposed by Roger Sherman of Connecticut

2. Bicameral Legislature

3. The Upper House (Senate) would have equal representation

4. The Lower House (Representatives) would be proportional to the population

roger sherman

fill in the blank

the Connecticut (great) compromise was proposed by _____ ______

bicameral

fill in the blank

the Connecticut (great) compromise is a ________ legislature

1. upper house

2. lower house

fill in the blank

with the Connecticut (great) compromise,

1. The ______ ______ (Senate) would have equal representation

2. The ______ _______ (Representatives) would be proportional to the population

three-fifths compromise

3 of every 5 slaves living in a state would be counted towards representation

commerce and slave trade compromise

1. Interstate and foreign commerce would be regulated by Congress 

2. Slavery would be lightly taxed

federalists

the people who supported the Constitution

anti-federalists

those who opposed the constitution

federalist papers

written mostly by Alexander Hamilton; collection of essays that simply explained the Constitution to Americans

1. bill of rights

2. James Madison

fill in the blank

the main issue of the constitution was that there was no _____ __ _____; ______ ________ promised to add one

1. 9

2. delaware

3. new Hampshire

4. rhode island

fill in the blank

ratification (article VII):

1. ___ of 13 states needed to approve the document 

2. _______ was the first state to ratify 

3. _____ ________: 9th state to ratify in 1788 

4. ______ _______: last state to ratify in 1790

1788

fill in the blank

new Hampshire was the 9th state to ratify in _____

1790

fill in the blank

rhode Island was the last state to ratify in ______

new York city

chosen the capital city

george washington

first president in 1789

bill of rights

ratified in 1791

article VI

“Supreme Law of the Land”: the linchpin of the Constitution

linchpin

fill in the blank

article VI is the _______ of the constitution

1. union

2. justice

3. domestic tranquility

4. common defence

5. general welfare

6. liberty

fill in the blank

purposes of the government:

1. Form a more perfect ______

2. Establish _______ 

3. Ensure _______ ________

4. Provide for the _______ ________ 

5. Promote the _______ _________ 

6. Secure blessings of _______

responsibility

fill in the blank

freedom brings __________