Ch5-CH12 (sedative-hypnotic drugs)

function of sedative-hypnotic drugs

• decrease ____

• control _____

• put to ____

anxiety, seizures, sleep

different types of drugs have different ___ lives

• drugs will serve different ____

• can be very ____ and _____ OR

• very ____

1/2, purposes, large, hydrophobic, small

½ life affects ____ and ____ by liver enzymes

distribution, metabolism

if less drug in liver, ____ in system = ____ ½ life

more, longer

large drugs bound to plasma proteins = less ____ drug = _____ in system = _____ in liver = ____ ½ life

free, more, less, longer

drugs that end in “arbital”

barbituates

ambarbital, aprobarbital, butobarbital, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, secobatbital

barbituates

barbituates

• act like ____ agonist

• ____ groups vary giving different ____

• ____ therapeutic index

  • bad bc then easy to ____

GABA, R, ½ lives, decrease, overdose

main agonist at GABA

barbituates

end in “lam” or “pam”

benzodiazepines

estazolam, flurazepam, quazepam, tempazepam, triazolam

benzodizepines

benzodiazepines

• ____ theraputic index

• ____ addictive

  • but ____ forming

  • but don’t cause ____ syndrome

increase, less, habit, abstinence

benzodiazepines - ____ determines what each drug is best for

½ life

benzodiazepines - long acting good for _____

seizure disorders

benzodiazepines - intermediate acting good for _____

going to sleep/anxiety

benzodiazepines - short acting good for _____

minor surgery

active metabolite = helps drug _____

last longer

z drugs

• ____ ½ life _____ _____

short, GABA, potentiator

zolpidem, zalephon

z drugs

z drugs are potentiators

• _____ activate unless ____ is present

• ____ binding time

• keeps ____ open for ____

dont, agonist, increases, receptor, longer

chloral hydrate, ethcholryynol, glutethimide

hisotric, addictive

promethazine

• ____ ____

• very _____

histamine antagonist, safe

agonist at serotonin receptor

buspirone

reduces situational anxiety

propranolol

propranolol

• _____ blocker

• no effect on_____

• effect on _____ mm and tissue

beta, brain, cardiac

paroxetine and venlafaxine

• _____

• effective against ____ without _____ or _____

• used in _____

SSRI, anxiety, sedation, dependence, combination

stimulate serotonin receptors in CNS

azapiones

azapiones

• decrease _____ without _____ and ______

• drawback: ____ onset, moderate ____, add to _____ dose

anxiety, sedation, dependance, slow, efficacy, benzodiazepine

eszopictlone

• binds with _____

GABA

melatonin receptor agonist

ramelteon

ramelteon

• melatonin receptor ____

• very ____ effect

agonist, mild

adverse effects - residual effects

• _____ amnesia: likely to ____ things that happened _____ took drug

anterograde, forget, after

adverse effects - rebound effect

• get ____ effect of drug

opposite

adverse effects - tolerance and dependence

• big problem with _____

barbiturates

drug adverse effects (4)

residual effects, rebound effect, tolerance, dependence

rehab concerns for sedation/anxiety drugs

• treat “______”

• trade off: ____ vs ____

• ____ therapy and _____ therapy work best together

symptoms, benefits, sedation, talk, drug

active lethal dose ratio and dependence potential of psychoactive drugs

• ____ of therapeutic effects

• further to the right = ____ therapeutic index

  • most _____

opposite, low, dangerous