inequalities in life chances

Class/Work: Resolution Foundation

77% employees are paid below living wage

Leading to economic crisis and anxiety

Class/Work: Gramsci

O hour contracts, persuades the working class into complacency as it is a small form of exploit

Leads to being overworked and helplessness

Class/Work: Weber

Stratification:

-propertied upper class

-Unpropertied working class

-Petty Bourgeoisie

-Manual Working class

Relies on status,party and class. Working class less likely to have these, leading to poor job opportunities and low status

Class/Work: Karl Marx

Proletariat are exploited by the Bourgeoisie due to low wages, provides upper class with high profits

Leads to:

Polarisation of classes

Alienation

Economic crisis

Class/Work: Braverman

Proletarianisation of middle class due to increased use of robotics and ai

Gap between the rich and the poor is increasing

Leads to alienation/marginalisation

Class/Work: Rivera and Tilcsik

Gave fictitious resumes that were identical except for upper class and working class hobbies

There was an overwhelming favour to upper class resumes

Leading to alienation and inability to climb the social ladder

Class/Work: Williams

Evidence of class-biased hiring

Law/bank companies use culturally fit criteria's for candidates

Look for employees with similar class backgrounds to them

Class/Work: Laurison and Friedman

Class ceiling: highly qualified employees are paid less according to their class backgrounds

British professionals in law were paid 20% less if one of their parents had a manual job

Class/Poverty: Bradshaw & HBAI

Working class have a minimal acceptable outcome in regards to income

HBAI: 4.7m people live in food poverty

Leads to anxiety and economic crisis

Class/Poverty: Mack and Lansley

Working class people lack necessities due to poor income

Leads to anxiety and economic crisis

Class/Family: Katz

Poverty makes it difficult for parents to bring up children effectively

Leads to anxiety and poor socialisation

Class/Family: Gillies

Differences in parenting:

1) Middle class parents have more resources and are more likely to diagnose their kid with a problem

2) working class have to help kids tackle with poverty, less resources and less likely to diagnose their kid with a problem

Leads to alienation and difficulty in raising children

Gender/Work: Farrell

Class cellar: men are more likely to have the worst jobs/paid the worst.

Leads to anxiety and economic crisis

Gender/Work: Benatar

Men are more likely to have the least desirable jobs

Leads to poor health and anxiety

Gender/Work: Evan

Glass escalator: men are more likely to be promoted compared to women, in pink collared work (jobs dominated by women)

Male nurses are more likely to be praised and promoted than female, considered 'special'

Leading to inability to climb social ladder

Gender/Work: Simpson

Example of glass escalator: Male headteachers prioritise male teachers to inherit their position

Leading to inability to climb social ladder

Gender/Work: Fawcett Society

Women only account for 20% of directors in FTSE

Leading to alienation

Gender/Work: Equality for Human Rights Commission

It will take 70 years until there is an equal number of male/female directors in FTSE

Leading to alienation

Gender/Work: Loden

Glass ceiling: there are invisible barriers that prevent women from being promoted

Leads to marginalisation

Gender/Family: Warin

Men face large amounts of pressure to be a breadwinner

Leads to poor mental health and anxiety

Gender/Family: Gray

Fathers want to spend more time with kids but are unable to due to the pressures of work and long working hours

Leads to poor mental health and anxiety

Gender/Family: Greer

Darkside of family: 1/5 women are likely to face abuse from a male family member

Leads to poor physical and mental health

Gender/Family: Ansley

Women are 'takers of shit'; have to act as an outlet for their male partner's violent frustration at being exploited by capitalism.

Likely leading to abuse, poor physical and mental health

Gender/Mobility: Savage

Men are 40% more likely to climb the social ladder than women

Leads to women being unable to climb the social ladder

Gender/Mobility: Li and Devine

Women are less likely to be upwardly mobile

Leads to inability to climb social ladder

Age/Work: Phillipson pt.1

The elderly and youth act as a reserve army of labour, 0 hour contracts allow for them to be exploited

Leads to alienation and being overworked

Age/Work: Phillipson pt.2

Political economy theory: the elderly are labelled as a burden and forced out of jobs in order to renew the workforce.