APWH FINAL

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
call kaiCall Kai
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
GameKnowt Play
Card Sorting

1/798

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Last updated 12:39 PM on 5/8/25
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced
Call with Kai

No analytics yet

Send a link to your students to track their progress

799 Terms

1
New cards

Alibaba and eBay

examples of E-commerce

2
New cards

Ronald Reagan's Economic Policies

deregulation of the economy, returning to lazzeis faire capitalism

3
New cards

Margaret Thatcher's Economic Policies

privatizing government industries

4
New cards

Deng Xiaoping

adopted elements of capitalism into china

5
New cards

Economic Policies of Augusto Pinochet

lowered trade barriers and deregulated the chilean economy

6
New cards

Air travel

allowed for goods and people to travel faster

7
New cards

Cellular Communication

allows anyone with a cell signal to communicate

8
New cards

Internet

glonal network that connects computers around the world

9
New cards

World Trade Organization (WTO)

international group that governs world trade, encourages world trade to follow certain norms

10
New cards

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

established tariff free trade between the US, Canada, and Mexico

11
New cards

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

promotes free trade zone in south east asia

12
New cards

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

an international organization that acts as a lender of last resort, providing loans to troubled nations, and nations have to pay into it

13
New cards

World Bank

international investment bank run by the worlds richest countries to invest in the poorest countries

14
New cards

World Fair Trade Organization

free trade is not fair trade, advocates for policies to protect growing industries in developing countries

15
New cards

Anti-IMF Activism

against the IMF because the countries that 'make the calls' are the big western powers and this gives the old colonial powers power over the economy of developing countries

16
New cards

Anti-World Bank Activism

protests the unfairness of the World Bank's loans, which grant inordinate amounts of power to wealthier countries to control the movement of funds to the Third World

17
New cards

Multinational Corporations

companies that operate in multiple countrys; Toyota,Coca-Cola, Nestlé, Nissan, Mahindra and Mahindra

18
New cards

Knowledge Economies

an economy in which growth is dependent on the quantity, quality, and accessibility of the information available, rather than the means of production.

19
New cards
20
New cards

examples) Japan, US, Finland

21
New cards

Secondary Sector Dominant Countries

countries holding the manufacturing facilities

22
New cards

vaccines

caused people to be more resistant to viruses

23
New cards

antibiotics

substances that kill bacteria and treat bacterial infections

24
New cards

Tuberculosis (TB)

disease that causes severe respiratory issues, not cured today but it has treatable symptoms

25
New cards

cholera

stomach disease that is no longer deadly

26
New cards

malaria

A disease caused by mosquitoes implanting parasites in the blood; curable but treatment is not accessable

27
New cards

green revolution

new farming methods; fertilizers and GMOs

28
New cards

birth control

allows people to choose how many children to have

29
New cards

heart disease

chronic disease that is hard to cure, #1 killer in america, seen more because of aging population

30
New cards

alzhiemers

elderly disease that causes memory loss and brain degradation, more seen because of aging population

31
New cards

HIV/AIDS

autoimmune disease with treatable symptoms, but treatment is not accessible

32
New cards

spanish flu

from WWI and spread around in the trenches, pandemic

33
New cards

corona virus

recent pandemic the world was not prepared for

34
New cards

energy crisis

OPEC changed the prices of oil. an oil price shock and a stock market crash

35
New cards

petroleum

finite resource that powers machines

36
New cards

nuclear power

using nuclear fission to make energy

37
New cards

greenhouse gasses

gasses that trap the sun's heat in the atmosphere and make the planet heat up

38
New cards

climate change

warming of the earth's climate

39
New cards

desertification

the process of arid land becoming desert

40
New cards

deforestation

cutting down forests and replacing them with farms

41
New cards

fresh water consumption

not enough water in an area for people living there

42
New cards

air quality

pollution in the air

43
New cards

greenpeace

environmental organization advocating for the environment

44
New cards

green belt movement

started by professor Wangari Maathai; combination of feminism and environmentalism

45
New cards

ecotourism

turn national sites into tourist attractions; economic incentive for preserving nature

46
New cards

United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948

document made by the UN as a declaration of human rights; not enforced

47
New cards

Women's Suffrage

women's right to vote

48
New cards

U.S. Women's Suffrage

1920

49
New cards

Brazilian Women's Suffrage

1932

50
New cards

Japanese Women's Suffrage

1945

51
New cards

Indian Women's Suffrage

1947

52
New cards

Moroccan Women's Suffrage

1963

53
New cards

Female Literacy Rate

% of women who can read and write

54
New cards

Global Feminism

feminism that encorperates non- western ideas or combines western and non-western ideals

55
New cards

Negritude movement

celebration of blackness; movement in sub saharan africa to combat scientific racism

56
New cards

Popular-Support Governments

goverments making policies based on public opinion

57
New cards

Liberation Theology

movement in the south american catholic church that the church should inspire social change

58
New cards

Bollywood

film industry in india; example of global cultural influence

59
New cards

Reggae Music

combination of caribbean, westernand african traditions; example of global culture syncretism

60
New cards

British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)

britsh news channel that broadcasts globally

61
New cards

World Cup soccer

international football tournament

62
New cards

Olympic Games

worldwide athletic competiton

63
New cards

Facebook

social networking site to connect people; used to spread ideas

64
New cards

Twitter

social media, used by politicians, censorship controversy

65
New cards

Weibo

social media in china, regulated by the government

66
New cards

Decolonization

breaking up of maritime/ colonial empires into independent countries

67
New cards

Reasons for Decolonization

  • powers were economically weak after WWII
68
New cards
  • instability from the cold war
69
New cards
  • self determination
70
New cards

Negotiated Independence

when a colony gets independence through diplomacy

71
New cards

Muslim League

group that acted in the interest of muslims in south asia during the decolonization of india

72
New cards

Negotiated Independence of India

Britian promised independence for india after the war, the British arranged for a Partition of India and Pakistan

73
New cards

Partition of India and Pakistan

GB dividing south asia into hindu india and muslim pakistan

74
New cards

Land Reform in Kerala

local government confiscate land from the rich to give to the poor; indian socialist policy

75
New cards

Economic Policy of Indira Gandhi

indian capitalist policy; proved india was staying neutral in the cold war

76
New cards

Sirimavo Bandaranaike

first female prime minister in the world, kept sri lanka non aligned

77
New cards

Cambodia

created by the breakup of french indochina; neutral in the cold war

78
New cards

Sukarno

Indonesian socialist leader with connections to the soviet union

79
New cards

Negotiated Independence for the Gold Coast

british negotiating with local leaders to give the gold coast independence but still have economic ties to the british empire

80
New cards

Kwame Nkrumah

leader who the british negociated with in the independence for the gold coast; dictator; made ghana self sufficient

81
New cards

Algerian War

france refused to give up territories in algeria; led to negotiated independence of west africa

82
New cards

Negotiated Independence for West Africa

france giving up their colonies in west africa without war; result of the algerian war

83
New cards

Mengistu Haile Mariam

Ethiopian leader who overthrew the ethiopan royalty and aligned ethiopia with the soviet union in the cold war

84
New cards

Julius Nyerere

dictator in tanzania

85
New cards

Biafra Secessionist Movement

the movement for Igbo people in south nigeria to have an independant nation-state; igbo lost

86
New cards

Québécois

party claiming quebecian independence from canada; got local autonomy

87
New cards

Israel

a nation state with the purpose of being a majority jewish state; established by the british partitioning palestine

88
New cards

Gamal Abdel Nasser

lead egypt to be socialist and align with the soviet union; gave the state control over the suez canal

89
New cards

Suez Crisis

GB and france almost went to war with egypt over the egyptian government controlling the suez canal

90
New cards

Camp David Accords

normalized relations between israel and its neighbors, sponsored by jimmy carter

91
New cards

White Revolution

pahlavi shah confinscating land from notable irianians, caused Shi'ites to rebel and take control of the state making iran a islamic theocracy

92
New cards

Immigrantion patterns

people from former colonies moving to the former metropole; south asians to great britian, algerians to france, filipinos to america

93
New cards

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

middle east union that controlled the price of oil to effect the united states economy

94
New cards

Nonviolence

the use of peaceful means to bring about political or social change

95
New cards

Mohandas "Mahatma" Gandhi

leader of the independence movement in south asia

96
New cards

Caste Reservation in India

system in india designed to help people who were disadvantaged by the caste system

97
New cards

Martin Luther King Jr.

leader of the civil rights movement in the united states

98
New cards

Civil Rights Act

legally ended segregation

99
New cards

Voting Rights Act

outlawed disenfranchisement of african americans

100
New cards

Apartheid

racial segregation in south africa

Explore top notes

Chapter 2: Hinduism "The Way of Devotion"
Updated 1141d ago
note Note
Responding and Controlling - 92%
Updated 198d ago
note Note
7.1-7.3: Energetic of a Reaction and Energy in Reactions
Updated 1268d ago
note Note
Untitled
Updated 1028d ago
note Note
Chapter 11: Interest Groups
Updated 1009d ago
note Note
Radio Waves
Updated 1215d ago
note Note
Imperialism Rise in Nationalism • During the French and Industrial Revolution, nationalism continued to inspire nations to increase their political and economic power. • Nationalism became the ideal force in the political, economic, and cultural life in the world, becoming the first universal ideology-organizing all people into a nation state. Nationalism Defined • The strong belief that the interest of a particular nation-state is of primary importance. o Nation-State – a state where the vast majority shares the same culture and is conscious of it. It is an ideal in which cultural boundaries match up with political ones. • As an ideology, it is based on the idea that the individual’s loyalty and devotion to the nation-state surpass other individual/group interests. • Exalting one nation’s belief above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests, excluding the interests of others. Changing the World through a Nationalistic Vision • The French Revolution significantly changed the political world and how countries govern. • The Industrial Revolution significantly changed the economic world. • The Age of Imperialism (1870-1914) dramatically changed the political, economic, and social world. What is Imperialism? • Imperialism- The policy of extending the rule of authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies. Power and influence are done through diplomacy or military force. Reasons for Imperialism • There are 5 main motives for empires to seek to expand their rule over other countries or territories: 1. Exploratory • Imperial nations wanted to explore territory unknown to them. • The main purpose for this exploration of new lands was for resource acquisition, medical or scientific research. o Charles Darwin • Other reasons: o Cartography (map making) o Adventure 2. Ethnocentric • Europeans acted on the concept of ethnocentrism o Ethnocentrism- the belief that one race or nation is superior to others. • Ethnocentrism developed out of Charles Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” theory. Philosophers used the theory to explain why there were superior races and inferior races. o This became known as Social Darwinism. • Most imperial nations believed that their cultural values or beliefs were superior to other nations or groups. • Believed imperial conquest would bring successful culture to inferior people. 3. Religious • Imperial expansion promoted a religious movement of people setting out to convert new members of conquered territories. • With the belief that Christianity was superior, missionaries believed it was their duty to spread Christianity to the world. • Christian missionaries established churches, and in doing so, they spread Western culture values as well. • Typically, missionaries spread the imperial nation's language through education and religious interactions. 4. Political • Patriotism and Nationalism helped spur our imperial growth, thus creating competition against other supremacies. • It was a matter of national pride, respect, and security. • Furthermore, European rivalry spurred nations for imperial conquest. Since land equaled power, the more land a country could acquire the more prestige they could wield across the globe. • Empires wanted strategic territory to ensure access for their navies and armies around the world. • The empire believed they must expand, thus they needed to be defended. 5. Economic • With the Industrial Revolution taking place during the same time, governments and private companies contributed to find ways to maximize profits. • Imperialized countries provided European factories and markets with natural resources (old and new) to manufacture products. • Trading posts were strategically placed around imperialized countries to maximize and increase profits. o Such places as the Suez Canal in Egypt which was controlled by the British provided strategic choke hold over many European powers. o Imperial powers competed over the best potential locations for resources, markets, and trade. History of Imperialism • Ancient Imperialism 600 BCE-500 CE o Roman Empire, Ancient China, Greek Empire, Persian Empire, Babylonian Empire. • Middle Age Imperialism (Age of Colonialism-1400-1800s) o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Netherlands (Dutch), Russia. • Age of Imperialism 1870-1914 o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Japan, United States, Ottoman Empire, Russia. • Current Imperialism...? o U.S. Military intervention (i.e. Middle East) o Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine. Imperialism Colonialism • Refers to political or economic control, either legally or illegally. • Refers to where one nation assumes control over the other. • Creating an empire, expanding into neighboring regions and expanding the dominance far outside its borders. • Where a country conquers and rules over other regions for exploiting resources from the conquered country for the conqueror's benefit. • Foreign government controls/governs a territory without significant settlement. • Foreign government controls/governs the territory from within the land being colonized. • Little to no new settlement established on fresh territory. • Movement to settle to fresh territory. Age of Colonialism WHEN? • Started around the late 1400s and ended around the late 1700s/early 1800s. WHY? • Primary Reason: European countries, wished to find a direct trade route to Asia (China & India) and the East Indies. o Quicker and relatively more effective than land routes over Asia. • Secondary Reason: Empire expansion (land power) WHO? • Countries involved: Great Britain, France, Spain, the Dutch & Portugal. • Individuals’ knowns as Mercantilists believed that maintaining imperialized territory and colonizing the region could serve as a source of wealth, while personal motives by rulers, explorers, and missionaries could therefore promote their own agenda. o This agenda being “Glory, God and Gold”. Mercantilism • Mercantilism was a popular and main economic system for many European nations during the 16th to 18th centuries. • The main goal was to increase a nation’s wealth by promoting government rule of a nation’s economy for the purpose of enhancing state power at the expense of rival national power. • It was the economic counterpart of political absolutism. Why did mercantilists want colonies? • Mercantilists believed that a country must have an excess of exports over imports. • By colonizing territory, it provided the nation with indispensable wealth of precious raw materials. • Therefore, the claimed territory served as a market and supplier of raw materials for the mother country. Which, in time, provided an excess of exports for the nation and thus created wealth. o Development of Trading Companies to support this economic system. Hudson Bay Company – (1670). Controlled primarily North America. o Dutch East Indie Trading Company (1682) o East Indian Trading Company (1600) o Royal African Trade Company (1672) WHERE? • European nations begun to colonize the America, India and the East Indies to create a direct trade route. • Great Britain was the leading power in India, Australia and North America, South Africa. • Spain colonized central and South America. • French held Louisiana, coastal land of Africa and French Guinea. • The Dutch built an empire in the East Indies. • The Portuguese was able to take control of present-day Brazil and the southern tip of South America and Japan. Age of Colonialism • As countries started to imperialize these regions, eventually the concept of colonization took hold: • This is what makes the Age of Colonialism extremely different! End of Colonialism • By 1800, colonialism became less popular • Why? o Revolutions (Spain, France & American) o The Napoleonic Wars o Struggle for nationalism and democracy. o Exhausted all money and energy to supervise their colonies. Waiting to wake again • Imperialism would stay quiet for close to 50 years before Great Britain and France’s economies revitalized. • The outbreak of the Industrial Revolution only encouraged and revitalized European nations to begin their conquest for new territory and resources. Age of Imperialism THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA 1870-1914 Conditions Prior to Imperialism of Africa  European interest in exploiting Africa was minimal.  Their economic interests & profit in Africa primarily came through coastal trade that took place during the 1500-1700s.  The slave trade became the main source of European profit.  Furthermore, disease, political instability, lack of transportation and unpredictable climate all discouraged Europeans from seeking territory. Slave Trade & the Trans-Atlantic Slave Voyages  Forced labor was not uncommon during the 13-17th Centuries. Africans and Europeans had been trading goods and people across the Mediteranea for centuries.  This all changed from 1526 to 1867, as a new system of slavery was introduced that became highly “commercialized, racialized and inherited”  By 1690, the America and West Indies saw approximately 30,000 African people shipped from Africa. A century later, that number grew to 85,000 people per year.  By 1867, approximately 12.5 million people (about twice the population of Arizona) left Africa in a slave ship. What Changed? 1. End of the Slave Trade- Left a need for trade between Europe and Africa. 2. Innovation in technology- The steam engine and iron hulled boats allowed Europe 3. Discovery of new raw materials- Explorers located vast raw materials and resources and this only spurred imperialism with Europe in the wake of the Industrial Revolution. 4. Politics- Unification of Germany and Italy left little room to expand in Europe. Germany and Italy both needed raw materials to “catch up” with Britain and France so they looked to Africa. The Scramble for Africa  The scramble started in 1870.  Although some coastal land had previously been acquired before 1870, the need for territory quickly accelerated as European countries looked t get deeper into Africa.  Within 20 years, nearly all continents were placed under imperialistic rule. Who was Involved?  Great Britain  France  Germany  Italy  Portugal  Belgium  Spain (kind) Violent Affairs  Violence broke out multiple times when European nations looked to claim the same territory.  Germ Chancellor. Otto van Bismarck. Attempted to avert the possibility of violence against the European powers.  In 1884, Bismarck organized a conference in Berlin for the European nations. The Berlin Conference (1884-85)  The conference looked to set ground rules for future annexation of African territory by European Nations.  Annexation is the forcible acquisition and assertion of legal title over one state’s territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory.  From a distant perspective, it looked like it would reduce tensions among European nations and avert war.  At the heart of the meeting, these European countries negotiated their claims to African territory, made it official and then mapped their regions.  Furthermore, the leaders agreed to allow free trade among imperialized territory and some homework for negotiating future European claims in Africa was established. Further Path  After the conference, european powers continued to expand their claims in Africa so that by 1900. 90% of the African territory had been claimed. A Turn towards Colonization?  Upon the imperialization of African territory, European nations and little interest in African land unless it produced economic wealth.  Therefore, European governments put little effort and expertise into these imperialized regions.  In most cases, this emat a form of indirect rule. Thus, governing the natin without sufficient settlement and government from within the mother country. Some Exceptions  There were some exemptions through in Africa as colonization was a necessary for some regions i n Africa.  Some regions where diamonds and gold were present. Government looked to protectorate the regions and establish rule and settlement in the regions.  Protectorates: A state controlled and protected by another state for defense against aggression and other law violations. Would  Some examples include South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Congo. Conclusion  Although it may appear that the Berlin Conference averted war amid the African Scramble, imperialism eventually brought the world into worldwide conflict.  With the continued desire to create an empire by European nations. World War 1 would break out which can be linked to this quest at imperialism.
Updated 490d ago
note Note
Unit 7: Harmony and Voice Leading IV: Secondary Function
Updated 1034d ago
note Note
Chapter 2: Hinduism "The Way of Devotion"
Updated 1141d ago
note Note
Responding and Controlling - 92%
Updated 198d ago
note Note
7.1-7.3: Energetic of a Reaction and Energy in Reactions
Updated 1268d ago
note Note
Untitled
Updated 1028d ago
note Note
Chapter 11: Interest Groups
Updated 1009d ago
note Note
Radio Waves
Updated 1215d ago
note Note
Imperialism Rise in Nationalism • During the French and Industrial Revolution, nationalism continued to inspire nations to increase their political and economic power. • Nationalism became the ideal force in the political, economic, and cultural life in the world, becoming the first universal ideology-organizing all people into a nation state. Nationalism Defined • The strong belief that the interest of a particular nation-state is of primary importance. o Nation-State – a state where the vast majority shares the same culture and is conscious of it. It is an ideal in which cultural boundaries match up with political ones. • As an ideology, it is based on the idea that the individual’s loyalty and devotion to the nation-state surpass other individual/group interests. • Exalting one nation’s belief above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests, excluding the interests of others. Changing the World through a Nationalistic Vision • The French Revolution significantly changed the political world and how countries govern. • The Industrial Revolution significantly changed the economic world. • The Age of Imperialism (1870-1914) dramatically changed the political, economic, and social world. What is Imperialism? • Imperialism- The policy of extending the rule of authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies. Power and influence are done through diplomacy or military force. Reasons for Imperialism • There are 5 main motives for empires to seek to expand their rule over other countries or territories: 1. Exploratory • Imperial nations wanted to explore territory unknown to them. • The main purpose for this exploration of new lands was for resource acquisition, medical or scientific research. o Charles Darwin • Other reasons: o Cartography (map making) o Adventure 2. Ethnocentric • Europeans acted on the concept of ethnocentrism o Ethnocentrism- the belief that one race or nation is superior to others. • Ethnocentrism developed out of Charles Darwin’s “survival of the fittest” theory. Philosophers used the theory to explain why there were superior races and inferior races. o This became known as Social Darwinism. • Most imperial nations believed that their cultural values or beliefs were superior to other nations or groups. • Believed imperial conquest would bring successful culture to inferior people. 3. Religious • Imperial expansion promoted a religious movement of people setting out to convert new members of conquered territories. • With the belief that Christianity was superior, missionaries believed it was their duty to spread Christianity to the world. • Christian missionaries established churches, and in doing so, they spread Western culture values as well. • Typically, missionaries spread the imperial nation's language through education and religious interactions. 4. Political • Patriotism and Nationalism helped spur our imperial growth, thus creating competition against other supremacies. • It was a matter of national pride, respect, and security. • Furthermore, European rivalry spurred nations for imperial conquest. Since land equaled power, the more land a country could acquire the more prestige they could wield across the globe. • Empires wanted strategic territory to ensure access for their navies and armies around the world. • The empire believed they must expand, thus they needed to be defended. 5. Economic • With the Industrial Revolution taking place during the same time, governments and private companies contributed to find ways to maximize profits. • Imperialized countries provided European factories and markets with natural resources (old and new) to manufacture products. • Trading posts were strategically placed around imperialized countries to maximize and increase profits. o Such places as the Suez Canal in Egypt which was controlled by the British provided strategic choke hold over many European powers. o Imperial powers competed over the best potential locations for resources, markets, and trade. History of Imperialism • Ancient Imperialism 600 BCE-500 CE o Roman Empire, Ancient China, Greek Empire, Persian Empire, Babylonian Empire. • Middle Age Imperialism (Age of Colonialism-1400-1800s) o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Netherlands (Dutch), Russia. • Age of Imperialism 1870-1914 o Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Japan, United States, Ottoman Empire, Russia. • Current Imperialism...? o U.S. Military intervention (i.e. Middle East) o Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine. Imperialism Colonialism • Refers to political or economic control, either legally or illegally. • Refers to where one nation assumes control over the other. • Creating an empire, expanding into neighboring regions and expanding the dominance far outside its borders. • Where a country conquers and rules over other regions for exploiting resources from the conquered country for the conqueror's benefit. • Foreign government controls/governs a territory without significant settlement. • Foreign government controls/governs the territory from within the land being colonized. • Little to no new settlement established on fresh territory. • Movement to settle to fresh territory. Age of Colonialism WHEN? • Started around the late 1400s and ended around the late 1700s/early 1800s. WHY? • Primary Reason: European countries, wished to find a direct trade route to Asia (China & India) and the East Indies. o Quicker and relatively more effective than land routes over Asia. • Secondary Reason: Empire expansion (land power) WHO? • Countries involved: Great Britain, France, Spain, the Dutch & Portugal. • Individuals’ knowns as Mercantilists believed that maintaining imperialized territory and colonizing the region could serve as a source of wealth, while personal motives by rulers, explorers, and missionaries could therefore promote their own agenda. o This agenda being “Glory, God and Gold”. Mercantilism • Mercantilism was a popular and main economic system for many European nations during the 16th to 18th centuries. • The main goal was to increase a nation’s wealth by promoting government rule of a nation’s economy for the purpose of enhancing state power at the expense of rival national power. • It was the economic counterpart of political absolutism. Why did mercantilists want colonies? • Mercantilists believed that a country must have an excess of exports over imports. • By colonizing territory, it provided the nation with indispensable wealth of precious raw materials. • Therefore, the claimed territory served as a market and supplier of raw materials for the mother country. Which, in time, provided an excess of exports for the nation and thus created wealth. o Development of Trading Companies to support this economic system. Hudson Bay Company – (1670). Controlled primarily North America. o Dutch East Indie Trading Company (1682) o East Indian Trading Company (1600) o Royal African Trade Company (1672) WHERE? • European nations begun to colonize the America, India and the East Indies to create a direct trade route. • Great Britain was the leading power in India, Australia and North America, South Africa. • Spain colonized central and South America. • French held Louisiana, coastal land of Africa and French Guinea. • The Dutch built an empire in the East Indies. • The Portuguese was able to take control of present-day Brazil and the southern tip of South America and Japan. Age of Colonialism • As countries started to imperialize these regions, eventually the concept of colonization took hold: • This is what makes the Age of Colonialism extremely different! End of Colonialism • By 1800, colonialism became less popular • Why? o Revolutions (Spain, France & American) o The Napoleonic Wars o Struggle for nationalism and democracy. o Exhausted all money and energy to supervise their colonies. Waiting to wake again • Imperialism would stay quiet for close to 50 years before Great Britain and France’s economies revitalized. • The outbreak of the Industrial Revolution only encouraged and revitalized European nations to begin their conquest for new territory and resources. Age of Imperialism THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA 1870-1914 Conditions Prior to Imperialism of Africa  European interest in exploiting Africa was minimal.  Their economic interests & profit in Africa primarily came through coastal trade that took place during the 1500-1700s.  The slave trade became the main source of European profit.  Furthermore, disease, political instability, lack of transportation and unpredictable climate all discouraged Europeans from seeking territory. Slave Trade & the Trans-Atlantic Slave Voyages  Forced labor was not uncommon during the 13-17th Centuries. Africans and Europeans had been trading goods and people across the Mediteranea for centuries.  This all changed from 1526 to 1867, as a new system of slavery was introduced that became highly “commercialized, racialized and inherited”  By 1690, the America and West Indies saw approximately 30,000 African people shipped from Africa. A century later, that number grew to 85,000 people per year.  By 1867, approximately 12.5 million people (about twice the population of Arizona) left Africa in a slave ship. What Changed? 1. End of the Slave Trade- Left a need for trade between Europe and Africa. 2. Innovation in technology- The steam engine and iron hulled boats allowed Europe 3. Discovery of new raw materials- Explorers located vast raw materials and resources and this only spurred imperialism with Europe in the wake of the Industrial Revolution. 4. Politics- Unification of Germany and Italy left little room to expand in Europe. Germany and Italy both needed raw materials to “catch up” with Britain and France so they looked to Africa. The Scramble for Africa  The scramble started in 1870.  Although some coastal land had previously been acquired before 1870, the need for territory quickly accelerated as European countries looked t get deeper into Africa.  Within 20 years, nearly all continents were placed under imperialistic rule. Who was Involved?  Great Britain  France  Germany  Italy  Portugal  Belgium  Spain (kind) Violent Affairs  Violence broke out multiple times when European nations looked to claim the same territory.  Germ Chancellor. Otto van Bismarck. Attempted to avert the possibility of violence against the European powers.  In 1884, Bismarck organized a conference in Berlin for the European nations. The Berlin Conference (1884-85)  The conference looked to set ground rules for future annexation of African territory by European Nations.  Annexation is the forcible acquisition and assertion of legal title over one state’s territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory.  From a distant perspective, it looked like it would reduce tensions among European nations and avert war.  At the heart of the meeting, these European countries negotiated their claims to African territory, made it official and then mapped their regions.  Furthermore, the leaders agreed to allow free trade among imperialized territory and some homework for negotiating future European claims in Africa was established. Further Path  After the conference, european powers continued to expand their claims in Africa so that by 1900. 90% of the African territory had been claimed. A Turn towards Colonization?  Upon the imperialization of African territory, European nations and little interest in African land unless it produced economic wealth.  Therefore, European governments put little effort and expertise into these imperialized regions.  In most cases, this emat a form of indirect rule. Thus, governing the natin without sufficient settlement and government from within the mother country. Some Exceptions  There were some exemptions through in Africa as colonization was a necessary for some regions i n Africa.  Some regions where diamonds and gold were present. Government looked to protectorate the regions and establish rule and settlement in the regions.  Protectorates: A state controlled and protected by another state for defense against aggression and other law violations. Would  Some examples include South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Congo. Conclusion  Although it may appear that the Berlin Conference averted war amid the African Scramble, imperialism eventually brought the world into worldwide conflict.  With the continued desire to create an empire by European nations. World War 1 would break out which can be linked to this quest at imperialism.
Updated 490d ago
note Note
Unit 7: Harmony and Voice Leading IV: Secondary Function
Updated 1034d ago
note Note

Explore top flashcards

AP Microeconomics Graphs (copy)
Updated 952d ago
flashcards Flashcards (23)
Unit 5: Genetics
Updated 375d ago
flashcards Flashcards (29)
La familia
Updated 784d ago
flashcards Flashcards (38)
CMS III Final: EM
Updated 255d ago
flashcards Flashcards (212)
2b: Cell structure
Updated 1171d ago
flashcards Flashcards (30)
deelsteppen
Updated 1065d ago
flashcards Flashcards (87)
vocabulaire la mobilité et le mouvement
Updated 841d ago
flashcards Flashcards (103)
PSYC 14
Updated 148d ago
flashcards Flashcards (64)
AP Microeconomics Graphs (copy)
Updated 952d ago
flashcards Flashcards (23)
Unit 5: Genetics
Updated 375d ago
flashcards Flashcards (29)
La familia
Updated 784d ago
flashcards Flashcards (38)
CMS III Final: EM
Updated 255d ago
flashcards Flashcards (212)
2b: Cell structure
Updated 1171d ago
flashcards Flashcards (30)
deelsteppen
Updated 1065d ago
flashcards Flashcards (87)
vocabulaire la mobilité et le mouvement
Updated 841d ago
flashcards Flashcards (103)
PSYC 14
Updated 148d ago
flashcards Flashcards (64)