Treatment of Psychopathology

Biomedical Therapies

• Psychosurgery

• Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

• Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)

• Drug Therapies

Electroconvulsive Therapy

• “Shock therapy”

• Treatment of last resort for depression

• Can have loss of some previously stored memory (retrograde amnesia)

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)

• generates magnetic pulses that pass through the skull to the prefrontal cortex

• stimulates neurons

• can either increase or decrease neural activity in specific brain regions.

• helps by restoring brain activity

• improve cognitive functions

Drug therapy

• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

• Tricyclics

• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

• increase the levels of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine by inhibiting the enzyme that breaks them down, improving mood and alleviating depression

Tricyclics

• block the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, increasing their availability in the brain to help improve mood and relieve depressive symptoms.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

• selectively block the reuptake of serotonin, increasing its levels in the brain to alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety with fewer side effects.

Types of Psychotherapy

• Psychoanalysis (Freud)

• Client-centered therapy (Rogers)

• Cognitive therapy (Beck)

• Behavior therapy (Wolpe)

Psychoanalysis

• Insight-oriented treatment

• Emphasizes the recovery of unscious conflicts motives and defenses

• Goal make the unconscious conscious

• Technique includes free association dream analysis and analysis of transference

• Manifest content and latent content

• You drag and drop things about other relationships to the therapist

• freud

Client-centered therapy

• humanistic approach

• Very positive very optimistics

• Emphasizes a supportive emotional climate for clients

• Clients play a major role in determining the pace and direction of therapy

• Therapist provides empathy, unconditional positive regard and genuineness

• Active listening

• rogers

Cognitive therapy

• Emphazis recognizing and changing negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs

• Utalized with a broad range of disorders

• Its the thought that counts

• beck

• cbt

Behavior therapy

• Systematic desensitization

• Reduces phobic clients’ anxiety through exposure and counterconditioning

• Breaks the connection between the conditioned stimulus (e.g., snakes) and the conditioned response (e.g., anxiety)

• Anxiety response is replaced with a relaxation conditioned responsewolpe

transference

unconsciously transfers feelings, thoughts, and behaviors from one relationship or situation to another, often projecting emotions or attitudes toward a therapist or counselor

Systematic desensitization steps

• train how to relax

• construct anxiety hierachy

• exposure with relaxation substituted

common factors of therapy

• address emotional situations

• provide interpersonal learning (new perspective)

• offer an empathic, trusting, caring relationship

treatments for anxiety

• Cognitive-behavioral treatments (CBT) are superior

• systematic desensitization for phobias

• CBT for panic disorder (Barlow)

• Exposure and response prevention for OCD

treatment for depression

• mix of both medication an cbt

• medications are effective for 60-70% of patients

treatments for Schizophrenia

• Medication treatments are superior

• Social skills training is helpful to address social skills deficits associated