Age of Louis XIV Key terms

“Henri le Grand”

Henry IV of France, aka Henry the Great, Henry Burbon, Henry of Navarre, “Paris is well worth a mass”.

Marie de Medici

Second wife of Henry IV, was regent for Louis XIII

Louis XIII

Successor of Henry IV, Cardinal Richelieu first minister of French Crown on behalf of _____ (30-years war)

Cardinal Richelieu

First minister of French Crown on behalf of Louis XIII, helped strengthen royal control (domestic), reduced power of provincial nobles (through taxes & royal edicts), anti-protestants, aided Habsburg enemies (main goal) including Protestant Sweden during 30-years war.

Intendants

commissioners for each of France’s thirty-two districts who were appointed directly by the monarch.

Louis XIV

seen as the epitome of an “absolute” monarch, Cardinal Jules Mazarin was next chief minister for ____(4 at the time), based authority on the divine right of kings, recognized he also had to obey God’s laws and rule for the good of the people, patron of the arts, almost tripled French army, uniforms and weapons standardized, system of training devised, kept France at war for many years not gaining any more territory and straining French resources.

Cardinal Mazarin

Second chief of minister, struggle to increase royal revenue to meet the cost of the Thirty Years War caused to uprisings in 1648-1653 called The Fronde.

The Fronde

A series of violent uprisings during the early reign of Louis XIV triggered by growing royal control and increased taxation.

Parlements

Supreme courts of law in France

divine right

God established kings as his rulers on earth, answerable to him alone.

Versailles

Louis XIV had a palace there, revolutionized court life here, Louis moved court and government here, center for European politics

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

controller general for Louis XIV, financial and administrative genius. Wealth and economy of France should serve the state, mercantilism, hope to make Canada part of France.

Mercantilism

A system if economic regulations aimed at increasing the power of the state based on the belief that a nation’s international power was based on its wealth, specifically its supply of gold and silver.

Jacques Marquette

A Jesuit, with Louis Joliet sailed down Mississippi River (for a short while renamed Colbert), and claimed possession of the land on both sides of the river as far down south as present-day Arkansas. Called the territory Louisiana.

Louis Joliet

Merchant, with Jacques Marquette sailed down Mississippi River (for a short while renamed Colbert), and claimed possession of the land on both sides of the river as far down south as present-day Arkansas. Called the territory Louisiana.

Louisiana

Area around mouth of Mississippi river claimed for Louis XIV.

Charles II

Spanish King, did not have a child (no successors)

Philip IV

took power in 1621, (Spanish throne), Spanish colonial trade, industry and finance did not develop.

War of Spanish Succession

Louis XIV’s last war, 1701-1713, endured by French people suffering high taxes, crop failure, and widespread malnutrition and death, war was a result of Louis’s unwillingness to follow a previous agreement to divide Spanish possessions between France and HRE upon the death of Charles II.

Peace of Utrecht

Series of treaties, from 1713 to 1715, ended the War of the Spanish Succession, ended French expansion in Europe, marked the rise of the British Empire.

Morisco

Former Muslims (converted to Catholicism/Christianity)