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Crimean War (Pre-AII), Feudal System and how it affected the peasantry.
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What is Autocracy? What are the three pillars?
Autocracy is the idea of one person being above everyone, and in the political sense, the only person ruling and passing laws. The three pillars of Autocracy are Orthodoxy, Nationality and Russification.
What was life in Russia like in 1855?
Russia was still under the Feudal System, holding private and state serfs, and had significant agricultural issues. There was little to no industrialization, leading to widespread poverty and a lack of social mobility.
What were the key groups and institutions?
Orthodox Church
Had most control over Russian political policies
Widely accepted religion at the time
Used as a form of control
Nobility / Intelligentia
2% of population
Held land, allowed peasants to use it
Collected taxes
Conscripted
Well educated
What was the military side of Russia like?
Army
Extremely underfunded and underdeveloped
Lost the Crimean war
Conscription - General and punishment
Third Section
Secret police
Method of control
Maintained censorship and surveillance
What was the political condition of Russia in 1855?
Previous revolution attempts (failed)
Distanced from the west
Russian culture seen as superior (Russification)
Tight censorship
What was the impact of the Crimean War?
Lost - realised how industrially and agriculturally backwards Russia was.
AII took control midway through war - decided it was a sign for change in Russia.
What were key social facts about Russia in 1855?
Only 55% of population was Russian - rest was empire
Nobles didn’t pay taxes
Class based on birth
Social mobility illegal
What was the economic situation in Russia in 1855?
Industrially backwards - unable to access key resources
Poor agriculture
Reliance on serfdom
No private enterprises
Majority of land was inhospitable
11 people in a village for each 1 in a town