Linear Motion

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on linear motion, focusing on the definitions and differences between scalar and vector quantities, forces affecting motion, and the relationship between impulse and momentum.

What are scalar quantities?

Measurements described only in terms of size or magnitude, such as mass, distance, and speed.

What are vector quantities?

Measurements described in terms of both magnitude and direction, such as weight, velocity, displacement, acceleration, and momentum.

How is weight calculated?

Weight = Mass (Kg) x Gravity (9.8).

What is the difference between distance and displacement?

Distance is the length of the path taken, a scalar quantity, while displacement is the straight line distance from start to finish, a vector quantity.

What does the gradient of a graph represent?

The slope of the graph, determined by changes in the y-axis relative to changes in the x-axis.

What is acceleration?

The rate of change of velocity, measured in m/s², and a vector quantity.

How is impulse related to momentum?

Impulse is the time a force is applied to change momentum, and is calculated as Impulse = Force x Time.

What is the role of friction in motion?

Friction opposes motion and can be static (before sliding) or sliding (during sliding).

Explain the concept of net force.

The resultant force acting on a body after considering all other forces; it determines motion.

How does air resistance affect motion?

Air resistance opposes the motion through the air, increasing with higher velocity, larger cross-sectional area, and less streamlined shape.

What are internal and external forces?

Internal forces are generated by muscle contractions, while external forces come from outside the body, such as friction and weight.

In the context of sports, how can impulse be used effectively?

Impulse can increase momentum by applying more force or extending the time over which the force is applied, as seen in actions like smashing in tennis or rebounding in basketball.

What does a force-time graph represent?

Impulse is represented by the area under the graph, illustrating the forces applied over time during motion.

What is the difference between positive and negative impulse?

Positive impulse occurs during acceleration (e.g., pushing off), while negative impulse occurs during deceleration (e.g., landing).

What is the significance of vector diagrams in illustrating forces?

Vector diagrams visually show the direction, position, and magnitude of forces acting on a body, essential for understanding motion.