HHD CH1 Health & wellbeing

Health and wellbeing

State of an individual's physical, mental, social, emotional and spiritual health and wellbeing

Optimal Health and Wellbeing

The best possible state of an individual's Health and Wellbeing for their age.

WHO's definition of health

"A state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."

WHO's definition of wellbeing

"The complex combination of all the dimensions of health that is characterised by an equilibrium or balance in which an individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged."

Illness

The state of feeling unwell or being in poor health, often due to disease or injury.

What is dynamic health?

Constantly changing health

What is subjective health?

Influenced by a person's feelings, opinions and experiences

Physical health and wellbeing

The functioning of the body and its symptoms to maintain and perform daily activities

Examples of physical health and wellbeing

* Exercise
* Healthy eating
* Appropriate sleep

Mental health and wellbeing

State of a person's mind or brain to think and process information to form opinions and make decisions

Examples of mental health and wellbeing

* Low Stress and Anxiety Levels
* Positive Self Esteem
* Sense of optimism

Emotional health and wellbeing

Ability to express and manage feelings in a healthy way

Examples of emotional health and wellbeing

* Displaying resilience
* Feeling relaxed in Everyday Life
* Expressing emotions positively

Social health and wellbeing

Ability to interact and form meaningful relationships

Examples of social health and wellbeing

- Maintaining network of supportive friends
- Forming meaningful relationships
- Effective communication

Spiritual health and wellbeing

Relates to the ideas, beliefs, values and ethics of an individual

Examples of spiritual health and wellbeing

* Having a purpose in life
* Sense of belonging
* Identifying with a belief

HWB Benefits an Individual by:

* Increasing Life Expectancy
* Increasing Self Esteem

HWB Benefits Nationally by:

* Less Reliance on Social Security
* Improving Life Expectancy

HWB Benefits Globally by:

* Increasing Global Economic Development
* Increasing Global Social Development

Health status

The overall health of an individual or population.

Health Indicators

Statistics that are used to measure Health Status

Influential factors of health status

Life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk

Self-assessed health status

Overall measure of a population's health and wellbeing based on a person's own views of their health

Life-expectancy

Number of years someone can expect to live if death rates do not change

HALE

Number of Years in full health a person can expect to live based on current rates of ill-health and mortality

Mortality

Number of deaths caused by a particular disease, illness or other environmental factors

Infant Mortality

Number of Deaths of Children Aged under 1 in a given period

Under-5 Mortality

Number of Deaths of Children aged under 5

Maternal Mortality

Number of Deaths of Women due to Pregnancy, Childbirth or during the 6 weeks after Pregnancy

Mortality Rate

Per 1000 live births

Why do women die?

* Severe Bleedings (usually after childbirth)
* Infections (usually after childbirth)

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Morbidity

Ill health in an individual and levels of ill health of a population or group

Burden of disease

A measure of impact of disease and injuries (Usually measured with DALY)

What is the acronym DALY?

Disability adjusted life year

1 DALY =

1 Year

What does YLL mean?

Years of life lost to premature mortality

How is YLL calculated?

Number of Deaths x Standard Life Expectancy at the age the death occured

What does YLD mean?

Years lost due to disability, injury or illness

Incidence

Rate of new cases of a particular condition during a specific time

Prevalence

Proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time

Socioeconomic Status

Refers to a person’s position in society relative to other people’s income, occupation and education

3 Leading Causes of Death in Young People

* Suicide
* Poisonings
* Accidents

2 Leading Causes of Death in Older People

Disease and Cancer