Ch. 1 Joint Stability

What are the five factors of bone stability?

bone shape, cartilage(meniscus, labrum), Ligaments(may vary per individual), Muscles(stability based on actively contracted muscles), Proprioception(inner ear stimuli which affects balance)

What is joint stability?

Hyper or hypo mobile joints can lead to stability

What is hyper joint flexibility?

too much

What is hypo joint flexibility?

too little

What is an example of joint stability?

tendinitis, buritis, arthritis, joint subluxation

What is joint range of motion?

is how much a joint can move freely without pain, can be tested with a goniometer, each joint has an optimal ___, greater or lesser than optimal can lead to injury.

What is joint mal-alignment?

structural deformity at birth. Muscular hypo or hypertrophy induced.

What is anteversion?

pigeon toed, abnormal or excessive rotation forward of a structure, such as femoral anteversion

What is retroversion?

duck walk, abnormal or excessive rotation backward of a structure, such as femoral retroversion

What is keyphosis?

hump back, increasing curving of the spine outward or backward in sagittal plane

What is lordosis?

increasing curving of the spine inward or forward in sagittal plane

What is scoliosis?

lateral curving of the spine

What is recurvation?

bending backward, as in knee hyperextension

What is valgus?

gum between knees, outward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint, as in knock-knees

What is varus?

Bottle of rum between legs, inward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint, as in bowlegs

What is flexion?

decreasing the joint angle

What is extension?

increasing the joint angle

What is abduction?

being abducted, moving away from the midline

What is adduction?

moving toward the midline

What is circumduction?

circular movement of a joint

What is diagonal abduction?

movement in a diagonal plane away from midline

What is diagonal adduction?

movement in a diagonal plane toward the midline

What is external rotation?

rotation of a joint away from the midline

What is internal rotation?

rotation of a joint toward the midline

What is eversion?

turning the sole of the foot outward

What is inversion?

turning the sole of the foot inward

What is dorsiflexion?

flexion of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia

What is plantar flexion?

extension of the foot moving the toes away from the body

What is pronation?

bball player, “toeing out” of ankle, “palm down” of hand

What is supination?

Holding soup, “toeing in” of ankle, “palm up” of hand

What is depression?

inferior movement of shoulder in the frontal plane

What is elevation?

superior movement of shoulder in frontal plane

What is protraction?

abduction of scapula, forward movement of shoulder in horizontal plane away from the spine

What is retraction?

adduction of scapula, backward movement of the shoulder in horizontal plane toward the spine

What is lateral flexion?

side bend, movement of head and/or neck in frontal plane laterally

What is reduction?

adduction of spine, return of spinal column to anatomic position

What is dorsiflexion?

extension of wrist toward posterior side of the forearm

What is palmar flexion?

flexion of the wrist to anterior side of the forearm

What is radial flexion?

radial deviation, abduction of wrist

What is ulnar flexion?

ulnar deviation, adduction of wrist

What is opposition of the thumb?

diagonal movement of the thumb across the palmar surface of the hand

What is reposition of the thumb?

diagonal movement of the thumb to return to anatomical position