A&P II - Heart Anatomy

pericardium

the heart is enclosed in a double-walled sac called the _______

aorta

the left ventricle discharges blood into the _____, from which all systemic arteries of the body diverge to supply the body tissues

apex

extends slightly to the left and rests on the diaphragm, approximately the fifth intercostal space.

base

from which the great vessels emerge lies beneath the second rib and points toward the right soulder

fibrous pericardium

loose- fitting superficial part of the sa

serous pericardium

lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium as the parietal layer

epicardium

outer layer, which is also the visceral pericardium

myocardium

middle layer and thickest layer, composed mainly of cardiac muscle reinforced with dense fibrous connective tissue

interatrial septum

The septum that divides the heart longitudinally, separating the atria

interventricular septum

separates the ventricles

What is the function of the fluid that fills the pericardial sac?

atria

receiving chambers of the heart

atrioventricular valves

tricuspid and mitral valves

coronary arteries

provides nutrient blood to the heart muscle

coronary sinus

drains blood into the right atrium

endocardium

lining of the heart chambers

epicardium

visceral pericardium

mediastinum

Location of the heart in the thorax

myocardium

layer composed of cardiac muscle

semilunar valves

pulmonary and aortic valve

ventricles

discharging chambers of the heart

Which valves are anchored by chordae tendineae? (Chordae tendineae are literally heart strings)

Which valves close when the cusps fill with blood?

the blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs, function is to strictly provide for gas exchange

Describe the role of the pulmonary circuit

the blood vessels that carry blood to and from all body tissues for nutrient and waste exchange

describe the role of the systenic circuit

superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus

Name the three vessels that deliver oxygen-poor blood to the right atrium

one is branched one is not

one had a comunicating junction

one has tight junctions

one has 1 nucelus

other has multiple nuclei

How would you distinguish the structure of cardiac muscle from that of skeletal muscle?

the heart is a fully functional syncytium because of intercalated discs

What role does the unique structure of cardiac muscle play in its function?

the left ventricle is firmer, thicker, and less compressible. the right ventricle felt flabby

During this procedure (sheep heart dissection), what differences did you observe between the two chambers?

left ventricle

When you measured the thickness of the ventricular walls, was the right or left ventricle thicker?

ventricles

semilunar valves prevent backflow into the ______

atria

mitral and tricuspid valves prevent backflow into the _______

using your own observations, explain how the operation of the semilunar valves differs from that of the atrioventricular

When the ventricle was compressed (as in systole), the AV valve flaps moved superiorly into the closed position. When water was poured (as when blood backflows) into the semilunar valves, the cusps filled and closed the valve.

Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary capillaries
Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Mitral valve
Left ventrical
Aortic valve
Aorta

Trace drop of blood through the heart and lungs starting with right atrium