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katabasis
a journey into the underworld
Styx
main river of the underworld
Hades
Greek name for the god of the underworld / name for the underworld
Persephone
Greek name for the goddess of the spring/queen of the underworld
Kerberos/Cerberus
guardian of the underworld after crossing the river
Tartarus
place of torture in the underworld
Elysian fields / Elysium
place for happy souls in the underworld
Orpheus
famous singer and player of the lyre, married briefly to Eurydice
Eurydice
the virginal wife of Orpheus who dies too young
Charon
the ferryman of the Styx
Hecate
Chthonic goddess of witchcraft, aids Demeter in her search for Persephone
Eleusinian mysteries
set up by Demeter at Eleusis while she looks for her daughter, mystery cult dedicated to her and Persephone
pomegranate seeds
the food hades tricks Persephone into eating so that she must stay in the Underworld
Plutoun
alternate Greek name for Hades, after marrying Persephone: means 'overflowing'.
Pluto
Roman name for the god of the underworld, originating from Greek 'Plutoun'
Prosperpina
Roman name for the queen of the underworld, daughter of Persephone
Homeric hymns
33 poems dedicated to the gods, sharing a style with the epics of Homer.
Eleusis
Town near Athens, where Demeter took refuge after leaving Olympus. Home of the Eleusinian mysteries.
Hyperion
Titan, father of Helios, god of the sun.
Helios
god of the sun, "watchman of gods and men", has a chariot with which he pulls the sun, gives Demeter information about her daughter's abduction
Maenad
female worshipper of Dionysus, characterised by wild behaviour
Oceanids
daughters of Ocean, sea-nymphs
Hymen
God of marriage ceremonies, inspiring feasts and song. Son of a Muse. Does a bad job of Orpheus and Eurydice's marriage ceremony.
Ciconian coast
coast of Thrace; Cicones mentioned in the Odyssey. Orpheus is Ciconian.
Taenarus
city in the Pelopponese
Rhodope
mountain range in Thrace
Cerberus
three-headed dog of the underworld, either child of Medusa, or Typhon and Echidna
Tityus
Titan, tried to rape Leto / Latona, killed by Artemis/Diana and Apollo, punished in Tartarus in same way a Prometheus
Tantalus
stole from Zeus, sacrificed his child Pelops and served him to the gods unknowing. Punished in Tartarus by not being able to eat or drink.
Belides
daughters of Danaus (grandfather = Belus), married by him to 50 sons of his brother Aegyptus, whom he told them to kill on their wedding night. Punished in Tartarus by carrying water in leaky jugs.
Ixion
Lapith king, broke Xenia by murdering kinsman, Zeus took him in but he tried to rape Hera. Punished in Tartarus on a fiery wheel.
Avernus
another name for entrance to the underworld
Sisyphus
greedy king in Corinth, murdered travellers so broke Xenia, and then cheated death. Punished in tartarus by eternally having to roll a rock up a hill.