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Anatomy
The science of the structure of an organism and the relationship of its parts.
Physiology
The science of the function of an organism and the relationship of its parts.
Levels of Organization
The hierarchical organization of cells, tissues, and organs in an organism.
cells come together to form tissues
tissues come together to form organs
what is the order of levels of organization
chemical- organelle- cellular- tissue- organ- system- organism
Homeostasis
The ability to maintain or restore an environment at a certain level for optimal health.
what are the different components in homeostasis
stimuli- temp decreases
sensor mechanism- temp receptors in skin to nerves
control centre- brain
effector mechanism- effect goes to motor neurons to initiate shivering
Feedback Control Loops
Mechanisms that maintain homeostasis through a series of components.
Negative Feedback Loop
A feedback loop that produces an effect opposite to the initial change to maintain homeostasis. (eg. temp control)
Positive Feedback Loop
A feedback loop that amplifies the initial change, disrupting homeostasis. (eg. pregnancy)
Intracellular Control
Regulation of cell processes by genes and enzymes within cells.
Intrinsic Control
Regulation within tissues or organs, often involving chemical signals or built-in mechanisms.
Extrinsic Control
Regulation from organ to organ, often involving nerve signals or hormones.
describe the anatomical position
body erect, arms at sides, palms facing forward, head and feet pointing forward,
Body Cavity
A space within the body that houses organs and structures.
Abdominopelvic Cavity
The combined pelvic and abdominal cavity.
Four divisions of the abdomen used for anatomical reference.
Abdominal Quadrants
Directional Terms
Terms used to describe the location or position of body structures.
supieror and inferior
above and below
medial and lateral
closer to or further from midline
anterior and posterior/ventral and dorsal
front and back
proximal and distal
closer and farther
superficial and deep
on surface or deep in body
Frontal Plane
A plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.
Sagittal Plane
A plane that divides the body into left and right sections.
Transverse Plane
A plane that divides the body into upper and lower sections.