Intro and Organization of the Human Body

Anatomy

The science of the structure of an organism and the relationship of its parts.

Physiology

The science of the function of an organism and the relationship of its parts.

Levels of Organization

The hierarchical organization of cells, tissues, and organs in an organism.

• cells come together to form tissues

• tissues come together to form organs

what is the order of levels of organization

chemical- organelle- cellular- tissue- organ- system- organism

Homeostasis

The ability to maintain or restore an environment at a certain level for optimal health.

what are the different components in homeostasis

stimuli- temp decreases

sensor mechanism- temp receptors in skin to nerves

control centre- brain

effector mechanism- effect goes to motor neurons to initiate shivering

Feedback Control Loops

Mechanisms that maintain homeostasis through a series of components.

Negative Feedback Loop

A feedback loop that produces an effect opposite to the initial change to maintain homeostasis. (eg. temp control)

Positive Feedback Loop

A feedback loop that amplifies the initial change, disrupting homeostasis. (eg. pregnancy)

Intracellular Control

Regulation of cell processes by genes and enzymes within cells.

Intrinsic Control

Regulation within tissues or organs, often involving chemical signals or built-in mechanisms.

Extrinsic Control

Regulation from organ to organ, often involving nerve signals or hormones.

describe the anatomical position

body erect, arms at sides, palms facing forward, head and feet pointing forward,

Body Cavity

A space within the body that houses organs and structures.

Abdominopelvic Cavity

The combined pelvic and abdominal cavity.

Four divisions of the abdomen used for anatomical reference.

Abdominal Quadrants

Directional Terms

Terms used to describe the location or position of body structures.

supieror and inferior

above and below

medial and lateral

closer to or further from midline

anterior and posterior/ventral and dorsal

front and back

proximal and distal

closer and farther

superficial and deep

on surface or deep in body

Frontal Plane

A plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.

Sagittal Plane

A plane that divides the body into left and right sections.

Transverse Plane

A plane that divides the body into upper and lower sections.