Accents & Gutturals

Four gutturals are:

ע,ח,ה,א

Sometimes guttural is

ר

ה and ח are

Strong gutturals

ע and א are

Weak gutturals

Three characteristics of gutturals:

They refuse doubling

They prefer a-class vowels (patach, qamets)

They prefer compound shewa

A syllable is open if

It ends in a vowel

It’s considered closed if

It ends in a consonant

The qamets hatuph is

Found only in closed, unaccented syllables

Patach is a

Half vowel

Seghol is a

Half vowel

Hireq is a

Half vowel

Quibbuts is a

Half vowel

Qamets hatuph is a

Half vowel

Qamets is a

Full vowel

Tsere is a

Full vowel

Tsere yod is a

Full vowel

Hireq yod is a

Full vowel

Shureq is a

Full vowel

Holem wauw is a

Full vowel

Holem is a

Full vowel

A-class vowels?

Patach and qamets

E class vowels?

Seghol, tsere, tsere yod

I class vowels?

Hireq and hireq yod

U class vowels?

Qibbuts and shureq

O class vowels?

Qamets hatuph, holem waw, holem

Dagesh forte can happen in any consonant except

Gutturals

Reasons for accents:

Preserves proper reading

Indicates stressed syllable

Represents sing-ability of text

Indicates logical breaks in the text

Affects the meaning of the word/sentence

What are the two kinds of accents?

Dysjunctive and conjunctive

What does the athnach do?

Marks logical break in midpoint of verse. (Chiasmus mark?)

What does the athnach look like?

Upside down little v under letter

What is the segolta accents?

Introduces cursings and negativity

What does the segolta accent look like?

Upside down seghol on top of word

What is the zaqef-qaton?

Marks quarter point of verse (athnach marks half).

Milra

When the last syllable is accented

Mil'el

When the 2nd to last syllable is accented

Soph pasuk

Accent that closes the verse/sentence

What does the soph pasuk look like?

Two diamonds at the end of a word