Learning by Reinforcement

Fixed Interval

Reinforcement is delivered after a fixed amount of time

Variable Interval

Reinforcement is delivered after varying amounts of time

Fixed Ratio

Reinforcement is given after a fixed number of responses

Variable Ratio

Reinforcement is given after an unpredictable amount of responses

Scalloped Pattern

Illustrates how the anticipation of reinforcement influences response timings

Vicarious Conditioning

Learning by watching other people’s consequences

Insight Learning

A sudden understanding of something without prior trial or error

Latent Learning

Learning that isn’t demonstrated unless there is a reason to do so