Practice Management Exam 3

Practice management exam 3

Physical exam order

Rostral to caudal, keep process consistent

TPR average numbers

T: 101-102.5

P: 70-180 (dogs) 70-140 (cats)

R: 16-20 (dogs) 20-30 (cats)

What are the additives in these types of tubes?

Blue, red, tiger top, green, and lavender?

Blue: sodium citrate

Red: clot activation

Tiger top: SST

Green: heparin

Lavender: ETDA

What tubes become serum after clot and spinning?

Red (clot activation) and tiger top (SST)

What are the most common gauges?

18, 20, 21

The larger the gauge, the __ the diameter

Smaller

What are the most common needle lengths?

1” is most common but range from 5/8”-1.5”

What are the 4 syringe types?

1. Luer lock tip

2. Slip tip

3. Eccentric tip

4. Catheter tip

IV catheter most common location

Cephalic most common

Order to correctly bandage

1. Stirrups

2. Primary (on skin/wound, could be adherent/ nonadherent)

3. Secondary (padding; cast padding, rolled cotton, stretch gauze, etc)

4. Stirrups (stick to outside bandage for support)

5. Tertiary (vet wrap, tape, etc)

Ovariohysterectomy is

Spay

Castration is

Neuter

Position for ovariohysterectomy/ castration

Dog/ cat is laying on its back for surgery

Where is the location of surgical incision for a ovariohysterectomy/ castration?

Along linea alba

The larger the clipper size, the __ the cut is to the skin

closer

What are the four most common worms?

Roundworm, hookworm, whipworm, and tapeworm

Which worms are zoonotic?

Roundworm and hookworm

When is a spay recommended?

Performed before first estrus (around 6mo. of age) reduces risk of breast cancer to less than 1%

When is the best time to breed a female?

2nd or 3rd heat

True or false: a male that is smaller than the female is best

True; it prevents the risk of dystocias

Phases of estrous cycle

Proestrus, estrus, diestrus, anestrus

When is the heat cycle?

Proestrus going to estrus

Signs of estrus

Enlarged vulva, hemorrhagic vulvar discharge, behavior changes, etc

When does ovulation begin?

~2-4 days after start of visible “heat”

What is the most fertile time?

4-8 days after onset of “heat”

Gestation length of bitch

58-70 days

Gestation length of queen

58-67 days

Gestation length of sow

3 mo, 3 wks, 3 days

Gestation length of cow

283 days

Gestation length of mare

11-12 months

When do bones ossify for puppy count?

Bones ossify at 45 days; it is best to count skulls, not spines

True or false: 85% of females’ body temps will fall below 99 degrees F before she will go into labor

True

What are examples of nesting behaviors?

Going into dark, private areas, panting, restlessness, trembling, etc

When should labor be expected after seeing nesting behaviors?

Labor should start in 6-32 hours

Pseudopregnancy

False pregnancy; condition that occurs 1-2 months after estrus is done that self resolves within 2-3 weeks

Neonate age

0-4 weeks

What is assessed in neonates?

Pink MM, no V/D (vomiting/ diarrhea), is moving

Anogenital distance is used to determine what

The sex of kittens: males have a longer distance than females; males have three bumps, females have two

Common concerns for neonates

Hypoglycemia, hypothermia, dehydration, and malnutrition

Normal temp of newborns compared to 1 week olds

Newborns: 96-97 degrees F

1 week old: 100 degrees F

Hypothermia in newborns and 1 week olds is what temp?

Newborns: below 94 degrees F

1 week old: below 99 degrees F

Important to raise temp before feeding or else there is risk of

aspiration, further hypothermia, GI distress and decreased motility

Hypoglycemia

Low blood sugar

Hypoglycemia can cause

Anorexia, low glycogen stores, stress

Reasons for neonate supplementation

Poor mother, poor milk production (caused by illness or poor conformation), large litters, abandonment

Powdered vs liquid milk supplement

Powdered

• Easier to store for longer periods

• Warm water mixed with powder

• Less expensive

Liquid

• Ready to use

• Short shelf life after opening

Weaning begins at

3-4 weeks old, feed 3-4x/d for 10 minutes

Feed every __ during first few weeks

4-6 hours

Normal foal benchmarks

Sternal reflex in the first 2-3 minutes

Suckle reflex within 5-10 minutes

Attempting to stand within an hour

Successfully nursing within two hours

True or false: foals have completely naive immune system and rely completely on colostrum for antibodies

True

Kitten milestones

2 weeks old: eyes open, develop a sense of smell

3 weeks old: ears erect, baby teeth begin erupting

4 weeks old: exploring/ developing behaviors; start grooming

5 weeks old: sight fully developed, start using litter box

Between 4-6 weeks old, you can begin weaning

What are the top three feeding brands?

Royal Canin, Hill’s Science Diet, Purina

Active immunity

Immune system develops antibodies to antigen (vaccines)

• Permanent

When does the animal receive its first vaccines?

Between 6-8 weeks

Passive immunity

In utero or through colostrum

• Transient

• Will block activation of active immunity (why we wait until 6-8 weeks old to vaccinate)

FIV

Feline immunodeficiency virus

FeLV

Feline leukemia virus

When to test for FeLV?

>12 weeks of age (after maternal Ab have depleted)

Examples of zoonotic parasites

Hookworms, roundworms, giardia

FVRCP

Feline viral rhinotracheitis, calicivirus, and panleukopenia

True or false: you should administer vaccines as low as possible on limb

True; AAFP recommends the tail

Puppy milestones

0-2 weeks old: cannot see, hear, or regulate temp., require stimulation to eliminate

3 weeks old: eyes and ears gradually opening, learning begins

4-7 weeks old: learning behaviors such as barking, chasing, playing, biting, begin eliminating on its own

Between 4-6 weeks old, you can begin weaning

Life stages of a puppy

Puppyhood ends between 6-18mo

Adulthood begins between 12mo-3 years

Seniorhood begins between 6-10 years

Puppy dentition development milestones

3-4 weeks: teeth begin to erupt

4-6 weeks: deciduous teeth erupt

4 mo: deciduous teeth replaced by permanent teeth

6 mo: full permanent teeth

Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome signs

Stenotic nares, elongated soft palate, and stenotic trachea

DHPP/ DHLPP

Distemper, hepatitis, parvovirus, leptospirosis, parainfluenza

CIV (H3N2/ H3N8)

Canine influenza bivalent

FVRCP administered in the

Right front leg

FeLV administered in the

Left rear leg

Rabies administered in the

Right rear leg

DHLPP administered in the

Right front limb

Bordetella administered

Orally, nasally, or injectable in the left front limb

CIV administered in the

Left rear leg

Rabies administered in the

Right rear leg