Anatomy & Physiology: Chapter 9 Classification of Joints

The flashcards cover key terminology and concepts related to the classification of joints, their functions, and characteristics.

Joint (Articulation)

Places of contact between bones, bones and cartilage, or bones and teeth.

Arthrology

The study of joints.

Fibrous Joint

A type of joint where bones are held together by dense connective tissue and have no joint cavity.

Cartilaginous Joint

A type of joint where bones are joined by cartilage and lack a joint cavity.

Synovial Joint

A type of joint where bones are joined by ligaments with a fluid-filled joint cavity.

Synarthroses

Immobile joints that can be fibrous or cartilaginous.

Amphiarthroses

Slightly mobile joints that can be fibrous or cartilaginous.

Diarthroses

Freely mobile joints that are all synovial joints.

Mobility and Stability Relationship

There is an inverse relationship between mobility and stability in joints.

Gomphoses

Fibrous joints with peg-in-socket articulations of teeth with their sockets in the mandible and maxillae.

Sutures

Fibrous joints found between some skull bones that have very short fibers and interlocking edges.

Syndesmoses

Fibrous joints that are bound by interosseous membranes, capable of slight movement.

Synchondroses

Cartilaginous joints where bones are joined by hyaline cartilage and are typically immobile.

Symphyses

Cartilaginous joints with pads of fibrocartilage between articulating bones allowing slight mobility.

Synovial Fluid

A viscous, oily substance that lubricates articular cartilage and nourishes chondrocytes.

Articular Capsule

A double-layered membrane that surrounds synovial joints, providing stability and protecting the joint.

Bursae

Fibrous, saclike structures containing synovial fluid that alleviate friction in synovial joints.

Uniaxial Joint

A joint that allows movement in one plane or axis.

Biaxial Joint

A joint allowing movement in two planes or axes.

Multiaxial Joint

A joint allowing movement in multiple planes or axes.

Gliding Motion

A type of motion in synovial joints where two opposing surfaces slide back-and-forth or side-to-side.

Flexion

The movement that decreases the angle between two bones.

Extension

The movement that increases the angle between articulating bones.

Abduction

Lateral movement of a body part away from the midline.

Adduction

Medial movement of a body part toward the midline.

Protraction

Anterior movement from the anatomic position.

Retraction

Posterior movement from the anatomic position.

Opposition

Movement of the thumb toward the tips of the fingers.