1/23 botany

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and concepts related to cell biology, mitosis, and cell structure, important for understanding the material from the lecture.

Chromatid

One of two identical halves of a duplicated chromosome.

Sister Chromatids

Identical copies of a chromosome connected by a centromere.

Mitosis

A process of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells.

Interphase

The phase of the cell cycle during which the cell prepares for division.

G1 Phase

The first gap phase in the cell cycle where the cell grows and performs its normal functions.

S Phase

The synthesis phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated.

G2 Phase

The second gap phase in the cell cycle where the cell prepares for mitosis.

Cell Wall

A rigid structure found in plant cells that provides support and protection.

Cell Membrane

A semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.

Phospholipid Bilayer

A double layer of phospholipids that makes up the cell membrane.

Vacuole

A membrane-bound organelle in plant cells that stores materials and helps maintain turgor pressure.

Chloroplast

An organelle found in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs.

Mitochondria

Organelles that produce energy for the cell through cellular respiration.

Microtubules

Cytoskeletal structures that help maintain cell shape and facilitate cell movement.

Cilia

Short hair-like structures that aid in movement and sensing the environment.

Flagella

Long whip-like structures used for movement in some cells.

Nucleus

The membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's DNA.

Cell Theory

The theory that states all living organisms are composed of cells, and all cells arise from preexisting cells.

Prokaryotic Cell

A type of cell that lacks a nucleus and organelles, such as bacteria.

Eukaryotic Cell

A type of cell that contains a nucleus and organelles.