APUSH - Unit 1 - PowerPoints 1.2 , 1.3, & 1.4 Quiz

What two things played a pivotal role in shaping the cultures and lifestyles of Native Americans

geography and enviroment

What was a key development in pre-Colombian North American that had a trans formative effect on many communities

maize cultivation

Where did Maize originate and where did it spread to

It originated from Mexico and spread to the American Southwest and beyond

What did maize cultivation support

economic development, settlement, and social structures

Who did Maize particularly revolutionized life for

Native American socialites, particularly those in Southwest

Who used advanced irrigation techniques to farm maize and what did it help

The Ancestral Publoans; it sustained large populations and supported complex social structures

what became a key to survival

mobility

What did the societies in the Great Basin and Western Great Plains face

harsh arid enviroments

what did mobile lifestyles rely on

hunting and foraging

What peoples adapted to the arid conditions of the Great Basin by moving seasonally and relying on a diet of plants, small animals, and fish

The Shoshone people

In the northeast, the Mississippi River Valley, and along the Atlantic seaboard, what did societies develop

mixed agriculture and economices

What did the northeast economies favor

the development of permanent villages

Who Practice the “Three Sisters“ agricultural method and and what did that consist of

The Iroquois Confederacy; maize, beans, and squash and established well-organized villages

What allowed for different societal structures along the Pacific Coast

the abundance of natural resources

How did societies in the Northwest and present-day California support themselves

though hunting and gathering

What did the Northwest and present-day California develop

settled communities supported by the vast resources of the Ocean

What people of the Northwest coast built large, permanent villages and were skilled in fish a particular type of fish

The Tlingnt people; they particular fished salmon

What was one of the most compelling motivations for European exploration

pursuit of wealth

What did the Europeans seek out for

gold, silver, and other precious metals to enrich their treasures

who led the Spanish expeditions that resulted in the plundering of vast amounts of gold and silver from what empire

Hernan Cortes

What discovery was a major economic incentive

the discovery of lucrative trade routes, particularly in spices

What did European exploration lead to

the establishment of new trade networks and colonies that generated immense wealth

What played a crucial role in the age of exploration beyond the search of wealth

economic and military competition

What did European powers competed for control over

trade routes and resources

What did colonies serve as bases for

military operations and strategic advantages

what was a significant driving force of military competition

the desire to outdo rivals in territorial expansion

What divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe, demonstrating the intense competition and desire for territorial control

The Treaty of Tordesillas between Spain and Portugual

what was another motivation of the Europeans

the desire to spread Christianity

What did European explorers and colonizers often see themselves as

agents of religious conversion and cultural expansion

Who did missionary efforts aim to convert to Christianity

indigenous peoples

The spread of European religious and cultural values were often intertwined with what

colonization

what accompanied many expeditions and settlements

religious missions

What missions aimed to convert Native American populations and integrate them into Spanish colonial society

The Spanish missions in California, established by Franciscan frairs

What did the arrival of the Europeans to the Americas led to

profound changes on both sides of the Atlantic

What were the changes on both sides of the Atlantic driven by

The Colombian Exchange, advancements in maritime technology, and new economic structures

What new crops from the Americans were introduced to Europe

potatoes, maize, and tomatoes

what did the new crops significantly boost in Europe

agricultural productivity and food supply

what did the increased food supply in Europe contribute to

population growth and urbanization

what played a crucial role in Europe's economic transformation

new sources of mineral wealth, particularly silver

what facilitated the shift from Fuedalism to Capitlaism

the influx of silver from mines in Bolivia and Mexico, such as the famous POTOSI mine

What was the success of European exploration and colonization efforts also aided by

significant improvements in maritime technology and new methods of organizing international trade

what innovations enabled longer and more precise voyages

caravel, astrolabe, and improved navigational charts

What development allowed for shared investments and risk in overseas ventures

joint-stock companies

what did joint-stock companies play a pivotal role in

funding exploration and establishing colonies

What company exemplifies how joint-stock companies facilitated large-scale trade operations and colonial expansion, leading to profound changes in global commerce

The Dutch East India Company (VOC)

What had devastating consequences for native populations, while also introducing new elements that reshaped the continents what

Spanish exploration and conquest

What did Spanish exploration and conquest reshaped in the contienrt’s

ecology and economy

What did the arrival of Europeans cause that decimated Indigenous populations

widespread deadly epidemics, such as SMALLPOX

The introduction of what European crops and animals transformed the agricultural and social landscapes of the Amercias

wheat, sugarcane, horses, and cattle

what did these changes facilitate for the Europeans

European dominance and colonization

What did the Spanish introduce that revolutionized the way of life for many Indigenous groups, particularly on the Great Plains, where they became integral to hunting,warfare, and mobility

horses