Test #1 Review Section 1.1-1.4

Flashcards covering concepts of reasoning, number sequences, specific number types, mathematical formulas, and data representation from Section 1.1 through 1.4 review.

Deductive Reasoning

Reasoning that uses general rules, formulas, or principles to reach a specific, certain conclusion, as seen in applying P=4s for a square's perimeter.

Inductive Reasoning

Reasoning that uses specific observations or patterns to arrive at a general conclusion or predict a future outcome, often used for predicting the next term in a sequence.

Arithmetic Sequence

A sequence of numbers where the difference between consecutive terms is constant (a common difference), like 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, …

Geometric Sequence

A sequence of numbers where each term after the first is found by multiplying the previous one by a fixed, non-zero number called the common ratio, like 6, 18, 54, 162, 486, …

Triangular Number

Numbers that can form a triangular array of dots; the nth triangular number is given by the formula Tn = n(n+1)/2.

Square Number

Numbers that are the product of an integer multiplied by itself; the nth square number is given by the formula Sn = n^2.

Pentagonal Number

Numbers that can form a pentagonal array of dots; the nth pentagonal number is given by the formula Pn = n(3n-1)/2.

Arithmetic Sequence nth Term Formula

The formula an = a1 + (n - 1)d, where a1 is the first term and d is the common difference, used to find any term in an arithmetic sequence.

Geometric Sequence nth Term Formula

The formula an = a1 * r^(n-1), where a1 is the first term and r is the common ratio, used to find any term in a geometric sequence.

Magic Square

A square array of numbers where the sum of the numbers in all rows, all columns, and both main diagonals is the same.

Counting Number

Natural numbers (positive integers) used for counting discrete items, such as the number of pages needed for trading cards.

Circle Graph (Pie Chart)

A circular chart divided into sectors, illustrating numerical proportion, used to show the distribution of a total amount among categories, like visitor origins.

Bar Graph

A chart or graph that presents categorical data with rectangular bars, showing the values for different categories, such as beef production over years.

Line Graph

A graph that uses lines to connect individual data points, showing trends and changes over a continuous period, such as unemployment rate over years.