Textbook

Control Balance Theory by Charles Tittle

control surplus and control deficit

General Theory of Crime by Michael Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi

explanation of criminal behaviour, reckless/sinful behaviour, and deviance — self control and parental management

Dramatization of Evil by

Frank Tannenbaum

Primary and Secondary Deviance by

Edwin Lemert

Master Status by

Howard S. Becker

Erving Goffman said

people labeled as deviant are more likely going to be deviant

Liberal Criminology

the system treats everyone the same, so crime must come from individual or social factors, not discrimination

Conflict Criminology

It’s not just individuals causing crime — it’s the system that is the problem

Radical Criminology

Crime isn’t the problem — the capitalist system is

Hedonistic

The main goal in life is to experience as much pleasure and as little pain as possible

The Peter Principle

You get promoted until you’re kinda bad at your job

The Communist Manifesto by Engels and Marx

Rich people are exploiting workers. Workers should unite, take control, and make things fair for everyone

Theory of Criminalization by Austin Turks

It’s not what you did, it’s who you are that gets you labeled a criminal.

Social Action Theory by Max Weber

Doing something on purpose that has meaning and motivation behind it

Section 81

Healing Lodges by Correctional Services Canada

Section 84  

Healing Lodges by Indigenous Organizations

Differential Identification Theory by Daniel Glaser

if someone admires or identifies with people who think crime is acceptable, they might start thinking it’s acceptable too

Social Learning Theory by Ronald L Akers

people learn to do crimes through differential association, differential reinforcement, imitation, definition

Containment Theory by Walter Reckless

why we commit crimes is because of internal and external pulls