Chapter 10 AP Human Geography

Development is best defined as the improving the conditions of people by

increasing diffusion of knowledge and technology.

A country that has been classified as low developing would have an HDI score of approximately

below 0.55

Which statement is TRUE about the nine development regions?

The world is divided into two developed and seven developing regions.

The Human Development Index (HDI) is based on indicators of

standard of living, education, and health.

Gross domestic product (GDP) is the total value of

outputs of goods and services produced in a country during a year.

An example of a primary sector activity is

mining

Processing of computer information is an example of which part of the economy?

tertiary

Which is a secondary sector economic activity?

construction

Which of the following is an example of a secondary sector activity?

manufacturing

Per capita GDP is a good indicator of which of the following?

potential for providing all citizens with a comfortable life

The productivity of workers is higher in more developed countries because they

have access to more technology.

An adjustment made to the GNI to account for differences among countries in the cost of goods is

purchasing power parity

Compared to less developed countries, more developed countries have higher rates of

literacy

HDI evaluates access to knowledge by combining which two measures?

years of schooling for adults and the expected years of school for youth

Compared to developing countries, developed countries have a lower

percentage of GNI spent on education

Development levels are reflected by education indicators because

literacy and education help measure ability to earn a living.

Which of the following is an example of the relationship between goods such as cellphones, cars, or the Internet and development?

Consumer goods increase an individual's ability to access services, information, and employment.

If the IHDI is less than the HDI, this indicates

there are higher levels of inequality in that country than there are in the world.

Use Figures 10-4 and 10-5 to answer the question. Which semi-peripheral country is categorized as very high developed?

Argentina

Which statement CORRECTLY describes inequality within the countries of Turkey and Brazil?

Brazil's lower IHDI reveals a greater level of inequality than within Turkey.

Which region in the United States has experienced the most dramatic change in per capita income?

southeast

In the twenty-first century, the United States has witnessed

the wealthiest one percent of the population control more of the wealth since the 1970s.

Which is the best description of the Gender Inequality Index (GII)?

compares the levels of indicators for females to those of males within a country.

Since 1990, most developed and developing countries have seen a decline in previous patterns of

gender inequality

Severe gender inequality poses a challenge to development because it

severely limits the economic and social mobility of women, as well as families that are headed by women

Which statement best summarizes the U.N.'s view of gender inequality?

Gender inequality is a major factor preventing a country from achieving a higher level of development.

Which factor contributes to the United States' relatively low GII score?

a higher maternal mortality rate than other developed countries

The Gender Inequality Index (GII) combines which three measures to derive a composite score?

empowerment, employment, reproductive health

Development analysts expect that a more developed country is likely to have a

low GII and a high HDI

Women's empowerment refers to

the ability to achieve economic and political power.

Which of the following statements about gender empowerment is TRUE?

Representation of women in elected positions is higher in Canada than the United States.

Which development factor accounts for adolescent fertility rates in the United States being higher than those of other developed countries?

limited economic opportunities for minority young women

Which of the following would NOT be considered an asset of a country following the international trade approach to development?

limits on import

The biggest problem in promoting development through the international trade approach is

unequal distribution of resources

The principal benefit of the self-sufficiency approach is the promotion of

balanced growth of all economic sectors.

According to Rostow's development model, the process of development begins when

an elite group supports investments in technology and infrastructure.

Traditional barriers to international trade have included

requiring licenses for importers.

In contrast to the international trade approach, the self-sufficiency approach to development

attempts to spread investment through all sectors of the economy.

Which factors have contributed to the success of the "four dragons?"

manufacturing, abundant labor, low export prices

Which country converted to an international trade model in the early 1990s?

India

Major sources of foreign direct investment in terms of frequency and dollar amount are

transnational corporations

In contrast to the World Bank's funding of projects, the IMF

seeks to stabilize currencies and help re-pay loans.

Which country receives the largest proportion of World Bank assistance?

India

Which financial institution has been a leader in microfinance?

Grameen Bank

When a developing country borrows money, it is part of a long-term strategy to

expand the economy through investment in infrastructure.

The biggest problem faced by developing countries in financing development is

inability to repay loans

Structural Adjustment Programs for refinancing loans to developing countries are often criticized for resulting in

loss of jobs in state enterprises and support for dependent citizens being cut.

One argument in favor of rejecting the international trade model and returning to self-sufficiency would be that

businesses in developing countries would be protected from unfair competition.

For which indicator has the gap between developed and developing widened since 1980?

per capita gross national income (GNI)

Which global effort was replaced by the Sustainable Development Goals?

UN Millennium Goals

On average, producers receive only 1 percent of the price of the good. In contrast, fair trade returns which portion of the price?

one third

Which is a characteristic of cooperatives?

democratically governed organizations that improve the community