Translation of mRNA

non polar amino acids tend to be buried in ____________ protein

folded

____________ proteins are more likely to interact with the extracellular

polar

A site

tRNAs enter the ribosome

P site

where a peptide bond forms that adds an amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain

E site

the exit site, where discharged tRNAs leave the ribosome

translation occurs on ribosome ____________

surface

bacteria have 1 type of ____________ ribosome

cytoplasmic

eukaryotes have 2 types of ____________, including cytoplasm & ____________ and ____________ and chloroplasts

ribosomes, organelles, mitochondria

structure of ribosomes

rRNAs and proteins

during bacterial translation, mRNA lies on the ____________ or ____________ subunit and exits in the ____________ or ____________ subunit

30S,40S, 50S, 60S

degeneracy of the genetic code

multiple codons for most amino acids

wobble rule

codons typically vary at third position

sense codons

code for amino acids

three stages of translation

initiation, elongation, termination

termination codons don't bind tRNA but bind ____________ ____________

release factors

initiation requires ____________ ____________

initiation factors

in eukaryotes, the initiation sequence is the

kozak sequence

in bacteria, the initiation sequence is the

shine dalgarno

initiator ____________ recognizes start codon in mRNA

tRNA

initiation complex of translation

mRNA, initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits

____________ ____________ enzyme catalyzes peptide bond formation

peptidyl transferase

large subunit of ribosome

ribozyme

3rd position of codon can tolerate ____________

mismatches

first amino acid has an exposed ____________ corresponding to the ____________ end of mRNA and last amino acid has an exposed ____________

N-terminus, 5', c-terminus

primary protein stucture

amino acid sequence linked with peptide bonds

secondary protein structure

alpha helices and beta sheets stabilized by H bonds

tertiary structure

finally folded form of a polypeptide

quarternary structure

2 or more peptides needed to form a functional protein

selective toxicity

differences in components of translation between prokaryotes and eukaryotes- how antibiotics work