Organic synthesis
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48 Terms
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Alkane to Alkene
Cracking, 500c, Al2O3
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Alkene to alkane
H2, Ni catalyst, 100c, 3-5atm
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Alkane to halogenoalkane
X2, UV light, vapour phase, free radical substitution
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Alkene to Halogenoalkane
Electrophilic addition, HCl, room temperature
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Alkene to diol
Alkaline KMnO4
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Alkene to alcohol
H3Po4 on silica gel catalyst, 50-70 atm, 300c
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Halogenoalkane to alkene
Elimination, alcoholic NaOH, reflux
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Halogenoalkane to alcohol
Nucleophilic substitution, NaOH
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Halogenoalkane to amine
Nucleophilic substitution, concentrated alcoholic ammonia, reflux
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Halogenoalkane to secondary amine
Nucleophilic substitution, CH3CH2NH2, room temperature
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Halogenoalkane to nitrile (lengthen carbon chain)
Alcoholic KCN, reflux
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Alcohol to halogenoalkane
PCl5, room temperature
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Alcohol to alkene
Concentrated H2SO4, 180c
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Alcohol to carboxylic acid
Acidified K2Cr2O7, reflux, full oxidation
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Alcohol to aldehyde
Acidified K2Cr2O7, distillation, partial oxidation
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Alcohol to ketone
Acidified K2Cr2O7, reflux, partial oxidation
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Alcohol to ester
Anhydrous ZnCl2, carboxylic acid, H2SO4, reflux
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Ester to alcohol
Acid hydrolysis, HCl, reflux
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Ester alkaline hydrolysis
NaOH, reflux
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Ester to carboxylic acid
HCl, reflux, acid hydrolysis
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Nitrile to carboxylic acid
Full acid hydrolysis, HCl, reflux
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Nitrile to acid amide
Partial acid hydrolysis, HCl, heat
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Nitrile to amine
LiAlH4 in dry ether solvent, alkaline hydrolysis
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Carboxylic acid to alcohol
LiAlH4 in dry ether solvent, hydrolysis
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Carboxylic acid to ester
Anhydrous ZnCL2, H2SO4, reflux, alcohol
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Carboxylic acid to acid amide
Nucleophilic condensation, NH3, heat
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Carboxylic acid to acyl chloride
PCl5, room temperature
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Aldehyde to alcohol
Reduction, NaBH4 aqueous solvent, warm
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Aldehyde to carboxylic acid
Acidified K2Cr2O7, reflux
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Aldehyde to nitrile
HCN (KCN and H2SO4)
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Ketone to alcohol
Reduction, NaBH4 aqueous solvent
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Ketone to nitrile
HCN (KCN and H2SO4)
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Acid amide to carboxylic acid
Acid hydrolysis, HCl, reflux
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Acid amide to nitrile
Chemical dehydration, P2O5
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Carboxylic aid to salt
NH3
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Salt to acid amide
Thermal dehydration, heat
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Acid amide to amine
Reduction, LiAlH4 dry ether solvent, alkaline hydrolysis
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Acid amide to carboxylic acid
Acid hydrolysis, HCl, reflux
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Acid amide to carboxylic acid
HNO2,
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Amine to alcohol
HNO2, <10c
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Amine to secondary amine
Nucleophilic substitution, CH3CH2Cl in alcohol solvent, heat
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Amine to N substituted amide
Nucleophilic condensation, acyl chloride, room temperature, drop wise
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Amine to salt
HCl (acid-base)
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N substituted amide to amine
Alkaline hydrolysis, NaOH, reflux
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N substituted amide to carboxylic acid
Acid hydrolysis, HCl, reflux
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Acyl chloride to acid amide
Nucleophilic condensation, concentrated NH3, room temperature
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Acyl chloride to carboxylic acid
Hydrolysis, H2O, room temperature
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Acyl chloride to N substituted amide
Nucleophilic condensation, CH3CH2NH2, room temperature
Note 
Flashcards (41)