Sociologists: Families and Households

What are the four basic family functions identified by George Murdock in 1949?

Socialization, reproduction, economic support, and emotional support.

What roles did Talcott Parsons introduce in 1951 regarding family structure?

Instrumental and expressive roles.

How did Willmott & Young categorize family types in their studies?

Segregated vs symmetrical family.

What was Friedrich Engels' viewpoint on the development of family as presented in 1884?

Family developed to preserve private property.

According to Eli Zaretsky in 1976, what is the role of family in capitalist society?

Family serves as a relief valve for capitalist exploitation.

What concept did Ann Oakley study in 1974 related to family?

Gender inequality in housework.

How do Delphy & Leonard view the family structure in relation to labor?

Family as patriarchal; unpaid domestic labor.

What does Judith Stacey propose regarding family in her 1998 work?

The concept of 'divorce-extended family'.

What is the definition of a 'pure relationship' according to Anthony Giddens in 1992?

A relationship based on mutual satisfaction and individualization.

What did Ulrich Beck & Beck-Gernsheim mean by 'negotiated family'?

A family structure that is flexible and based on individual choices.

What criticism did Charles Murray provide about welfare in 1998?

He described it as creating 'perverse incentives'.

What concept did Philippe Ariès introduce regarding childhood in 1960?

Childhood as a social construct.

What did Neil Postman argue regarding childhood?

The disappearance of childhood.

What are 'five types of family diversity' according to Rapoport & Rapoport in 1982?

Cultural diversity, social class diversity, life stage diversity, generational diversity, and geographic diversity.

What does Gershuny's work focus on regarding family dynamics?

Changes in housework over time.

What concept did Pierre Bourdieu propose related to sociology and class?

Cultural capital and social reproduction.

What did Edgell observe regarding decision-making in families during the 1980s?

Patterns of decision-making often favor men in family finances.

What term describes Robert Chester's view on family?

Neo-conventional family.

What was the main concern addressed by Peter Townsend regarding families?

The relationship between family diversity and poverty.

What did Brannen & Alison Jarvis study regarding parenting?

Strictness in parenting within ethnic families.

What term did Hochschild introduce related to family workload?

Emotional labor, specifically the 'triple shift'.