Reformation and Wars of Religion Flashcards

Flashcards about the Reformation and Wars of Religion.

What were the causes of the Reformation?

Abuses of the Church and the printing press.

What were the effects of the Reformation?

Freedom of Religion, Princes became Protestant, and War against Catholics.

Who was Martin Luther?

He created the 95 Thesis, had new interpretations of Christian doctrine, and promoted the priesthood of all believers.

What is the 'priesthood of all believers'?

You can be your own priest.

What is Sola Fide?

Salvation is from faith alone.

What is Sola Scriptura?

The only authority is the Bible.

What are the 2 sacraments according to Martin Luther?

Baptism and Lord's Supper

What was the Peace of Augsburg?

Ended war between Catholics and Lutherans, giving them equal rights.

What was the cause of the German Peasants Revolt?

They were inspired by the Reformation and Luther's writings and raised an army of 300,000 people.

What was the effect of the German Peasants Revolt?

Luther did not agree with the peasants, and 100,000 of them were killed.

What were the causes of the Thirty Years' War?

Difference in religion due to the Peace of Augsburg, political tensions/ambitions, Habsburg dynasty's desire to expand power, and other powers seeking to weaken them.

What was the Defenestration of Prague?

Men sent by Ferdinand were pushed out a window.

What was the effect of the Thirty Years' War?

No one won. Peace of Westphalia and the end of the Reformation.

Who were the politiques?

Political men who put the strength of the state above all other aspects of society, including religion.

What was the Peace of Westphalia?

Calvinism and Lutheranism accepted, and the war ended.

What was the cause of the French Wars of Religion?

Over religion, Henry II and the noble families (Huguenots) wanted to maintain Catholic control over France.

What was the effect of the French Wars of Religion?

Catholic dominance over France.

What was the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre?

Attack on Huguenots by the French Catholics.

What was the Massacre of Vassy?

Catholic troops led by the Duke of Guise attacked a Protestant congregation and killed many.

Describe the War of the 3 Henries.

Monarchy vs. Guise vs. Bourbon; Bourbon wins.

What was the Edict of Nantes?

Religious toleration.

What were the causes of the Dutch Revolt?

Reformation, excessive taxation, religious tensions (Protestants and Catholics), and political dissatisfaction.

What were the effects of the Dutch Revolt?

End to Spanish immersion in Dutch territories, the Dutch Republic was formed, and there was a weakening of Spanish power and influence.

What was Philip II of Spain's goal?

Tried to re-establish Catholicism throughout Europe and imposed Catholicism through the Inquisition.

What were some major events during Elizabeth I's reign?

England sinking of the Spanish Armada and a 12-year truce.

Who was John Calvin?

Accepted most of Luther's theological ideas, but had new interpretations of Christian doctrine.

What is Predestination?

God chooses your destination before you are born.

What is Theocracy?

Church and state should be the same and refused to subordinate to the state.

What is Calvinism?

Becomes the dominant Protestant religion in Europe.

What were some characteristics of the Anabaptists?

Baptism as an adult, didn't follow civil laws, and separated church from state.

What was Charles V's goal?

Shut down Protestants.

What was the Diet of Worms?

Excommunicated Martin Luther and declared war.