CPAR

A comprehensive set of Question-and-Answer flashcards covering key terms, figures, and concepts from the lecture notes on Philippine art, culture, and national artists.

Culture

Deeply rooted in creativity, blending tradition with innovation, preserving heritage while embracing change

Art

An expression, process of arranging elements, cultural identity, natural human behavior, communication, healing, telling our story, shared experience, integrated within rituals like planting/harvesting, rites of passage, funeral ceremonies, and weddings.

Hunter-Gatherer Ancestors

Our ancestors who were hunter-gatherers and imitated the movement and sounds of animals

Oral Storytelling

What marked the beginning of literature in the Pre-Colonial Period?

Drum Beating and Rhythm

What gave birth to music and dance in the Pre-Colonial Period?

Lean-to

What portable shelter did the Negritos use as nomads?

Malong

What traditional garment in the Pre-Colonial Period?

Tepo

What is the colorful double-layered mat of the Sama of Tawi-tawi?

Baroque Style

Which architecture style uses adobe materials and is characterized by grandeur, drama, elaborate details appealing to emotions during the Spanish Colonial period?

Retablo

What is the decorative altar niche in colonial churches where santos are displayed?

Via Crusis

What is the series of 14 paintings or relief sculptures depicting Christ’s crucifixion and resurrection?

Trompe L’oeil

This person’s paintings that give an illusion of three-dimensionalities (Holy Family, Virgin Mary, Four Evangelists)

Archbishop Juan Rodriguez Angel

Who introduced Catholic liturgical music in 1742 and established a singing school in Manila Cathedral?

Pasyon/Pabasa

Biblical narration of Christ’s crucifixion

Zarzuela

An operetta featuring singing and dancing with prose dialogue, written by Severino Reyes and Hermogenes Ilagan in Tagalog

Atang Dela Rama

National Artist for Theatre and Queen of Kundiman

Senakulo

Theatre form written by Gaspar Aquino de Belén in 1704 depicting Christ’s passion and death on the cross

Komedya and Moro-Moro

Local theatre form depicting conflict between Muslims and Christians

Neoclassical/Art Deco Style

20th century architecture style with edgy structure and minimal details, e.g., National Museum

UP Oblation

Symbolic sculpture representing events in Philippine history

Broadest Aspect Technique

Shows the biggest and most familiar angle of an object for recognition, not just one idea

Multiple Focal Points

Represents sentiments of different members of society, more than one focal point in composition

Highly Expressive

Filipino art is emphatic, spontaneous, emotional; evokes strong emotions

Polychromatic

Use of vibrant, colorful decorative arts, e.g., festivals

Maximalism

Inclination to fill space with ornamentation, e.g., jeepneys

Multifunctional

Works serve practical and aesthetic purposes

Rhythmic Patterns

Stylized, repeating motifs creating rhythm, e.g., banig, textiles

Modern Art

Produced during 1850-1950, focused on symbolism, breaking tradition, influenced by European modernism

Contemporary Art

Art from 1970s to present, mirrors current society, combines different methods and ideas

Contemporary Art Characteristics

Performance, painting, sculpture, dance, media; found in galleries, streets, schools; originality not required; often collaborative

Line

Path created by a point, one-dimensional, defines edges of form

Shape

Two-dimensional flat area with edge or outline, geometric or organic

Form

Three-dimensional, encloses volume with length, width, height

Texture

Surface quality of artwork, real or visual feel

Color

Hue (name), Intensity (strength), Value (lightness/darkness)

Space

Areas around/between components; can be positive/negative, 2D/3D

Value

Lightness and darkness of art, includes shadow

Balance and Proportion

Use of space, symmetrical/asymmetrical proportion to complement design

Unity

All elements combined to make a balanced, harmonious whole

Emphasis

Area or object within artwork that draws attention

Rhythm/Repetition

Design pattern, repeated movement

Movement

Effect of directing focus using ratio, details, colors

Okir

Repetitive strokes, carvings, designs, e.g., okir

Pattern

Contrasts that complement unity, adds interest

Realism

True-to-life composition, sharply focused, balanced proportion

Impressionism

19th century France, painted outdoors spontaneously, everyday scenes

Expressionism

Depicts subjective emotions, distortion, exaggeration, violent forms

Cubism

1907 movement, geometric forms, pioneered by Picasso and George Braque

Surrealism

Founded by Andre Breton, emphasized dreams, unconscious, psychoanalysis

Fauvism

1906-1910 France, pioneered by Henri Matisse, used colors as focus

Art Criticism

Organized approach in studying, analyzing, interpreting art

Psychoanalytic Criticism

Looks at hidden emotions, fears, desires in art

Structuralism

Reading visual language using symbols, forms, patterns

Formalist Criticism

Focus on visual elements rather than context

Phenomenological Criticism

Based on personal lived experience of artwork

Feminist Criticism

Focuses on gender roles and representation of women

Ideological Criticism

Looks at beliefs, politics, society represented in art

Description

Describe only what is visible, surface-level details

Analysis

Using description to analyze elements and principles

Interpretation

Message, emotion, or story of the artwork

Judgement

Opinion on effectiveness and quality based on aspects

Film Criticism

Analyzing, interpreting, evaluating films beyond good/bad

Plot

Character-driven or story-driven conflict

Theme & Tone

Message conveyed by story

Characters

Antagonist/protagonist, heart of story

Conflict

Main and sub conflicts, inner and outer

Setting

Context and dialogue environment

P.O.V

Protagonist’s perspective

Symbolism

Use of symbols in film

Cinematography

Visual language of film

Production Design

Visual setting and environment in film

Dialogue

Spoken lines between characters

Pacing

Tempo of scenes and storytelling

Modeling

Additive sculpture process using malleable material like clay

Carving

Subtractive process, cutting from wood, stone

Casting

Forming sculpture using molds like terracotta clay

Assembling

Additive process gathering different materials and welding

Monolithic Sculpture

Carved from single slab of stone, limited by size

Constructivism Sculpture

Abstract, industrial materials like glass, wood, metal

Sculptural Assemblage

Found objects welded together with uniform texture

Kinetic Sculpture

Sculptures in mechanical motion, moved by wind

Representational Art

Shows real-life subjects or objects

Abstract Art

Presents reality in a different, stylized way

Non-Objective Art

Uses design elements without representing real objects

Installation Art

Labor-intensive visual art form using space, environment, objects, and viewer

Technology-aided Installation

Uses projected light, video, or film

Performance Installation Art

Combines lights, sound, performer’s movement

Conceptual Installation Art

Emphasizes idea or concept, may use text/instructions

Interactive Installation Art

Allows viewers to touch, interact, contribute

Environmental Installation Art

Focused on ecological themes and nature

Community-based Art

Grassroots art involving local community concerns

Municipal Art

Public art in civic areas to promote nationalism, educate youth

Land Art

Monumental earth works interacting with nature

Architectural Art

Part of structures, decorates facades and buildings

Commemorative Monument

Sculpture honoring heroes or historic events

Design-based Public Art

Decorative, blends with surroundings in parks, centers

Campaign-inspired Public Art

Promotes ideas using murals, reminders

Photography

Art of drawing with light, durable images, both technical and creative

Louis Daguerre

French inventor of daguerreotype, 1838 first photo of person

Robert Cornelius

American photographer, took first selfie in 1839