Forage crops/animal & environment exam #2

If you had a batch of seed with a purity of 98% and a germination of 75%, which of the following options would be the % Prue Live Seed for the batch? (Purity*germination)/100

73.5%

Which of the following accepted methods for pasture renovation is the most susceptible to soil loss from erosion?

Prepared seedbag

How many days should a producer wait after removing livestock from an infected pasture to insure there is no viable seed in the feces?

3

Spraying a pasture for renovation should always occur when the field is dormant.

False

You should calibrate a no-till drill for each type of seed you are planting.

True

Moisture condition affect planting success.

True

Soil fertility has no direct impact on the survival of a new planting.

False

All forage crops have the same weight/bushel of seed.

False

Germination

The % of seed that is capable of producing healthy plants when placed in a suitable environment.

Pure seed

The % of seed that is of the variety and species on the label.

Other crop seed

The % of seed that is of some other crop species.

Weed seed

The % of seed that is of weed species.

Inert matter

The % of sticks, stems, broken seed, sand or other material mixed the seed.

Noxious seed

The number of noxious weed seed present per pound of crop seed.

Hard seed

The % of seed that is viable but that will not germinate immediately due to a hard or waxy seed coat.

Total Germination and Hard Seed

The % of viable seed

Endophyte level

Some states require the % of tall fescue seed infected with a fungal endophyte.

Pure live seed

Used in connection with seeding rate recommendations for species with low germination rates. Not provided on seed tags, but easy to calculate if purity and germination are known.

List the four classes of seed recognized through state seed certification programs and indicate which of the classes ensures the genetic identity of a variety while seed supplies are being increased.

Breeder seed 

Foundation seed

Registered seed

Certified seed

Select all of the accepted options for managing infected tall fescue pastures. 

Limit nitrogen inputs

Correct AnswerSelected

Dilute the field with other forages

Correct AnswerSelected

Rotate livestock to summer pasture/warm season forages

Unselected

Only use certain breeds

Unselected

Supplement the diet of livestock with Cumin

Correct AnswerSelected

Spray Chaparral to inhibit seedheads

Unselected

Apply Sea salt to pastures

Correct AnswerSelected

Clip seedheads

Correct AnswerSelected

Ammoniate hay

Which of the following options best describes the impact of fescue toxicosis on the beef industry every year?

200 million

How long should cows be removed from toxic fescue to insure no effect on pregnancy rates?

30 days before and after breeding

Most poisonings from plants occur when forage is short, like early spring and which of the following?

Drought

If you suspect poisoning of livestock, you should immediately call a veterinarian.

True

Fescue toxicosis occurs because of the compounds the plant produces.

False

Ergovaline is the only ergot alkaloid that causes problems in livestock.

False

Ergot alkaloid concentrations in tall fescue change throughout the year and vary depending on where you look in the plant (i.e. crown, leaf, seed).

True

One of the main symptoms of fescue toxicosis is vasoconstriction. 

True

Livestock suffering from fescue toxicosis often have poor thermoregulation.

True

The toxic endophyte can reinfect endophyte free tall fescue.

False

The two stressors that have the biggest impact on forage persistence are poor fertility and over grazing.

True

The main goal of the Alliance for Grassland Renewal is education about tall fescue toxicosis and its management.

True

Nitrogen fertilization can increase the ergot alkaloids and is often associated with toxicosis.

True

Which of the following forage quality metrics is used as a predictor of intake?

Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF)

Which of the following forage quality metrics is used as a measure of digestibility?

Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF)

Which of the following forage quality metrics is used as a measure of digestibility energy?

Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN)

Which of the following options best describes how young livestock learn to forage?

From their mother

Grazing behavior depends on which of the following options?

Consequences

Toxins in plants do all of the following except?

Provide positive feedback

Which of the following forage metrics compares all forages to alfalfa at full bloom?

Relative Feed Value (RFV)

The number of grazing animals on a given area for the grazing season is __?

Stocking rate

The number of grazing animals that can be supported on a given area is __?

Carrying capacity

If silage is to wet or to alkaline, bacteria will produce which of the following acids making the silage non-palatable?

Butyric acid

Along with oxygen this element is found in the toxic gasses released in during the ensiling process.

Nitrogen

Which of the following grazing methods is best described as exceeding the ability of the plants to recover in a timely manner?

Over grazing

During the ensiling process, aerobic bacteria should use up available oxygen within how many hours?

4-6 hours

Ensiling warm season grasses is often difficult due to low available energy, to facilitate fermentation _ is added.

Corn

Thin cell wall

High intake, high energy, Early harvested forage

Thick cell wall

Low intake, low energy, Late harvested forage