Opioids and Hallucinogens Review

Flashcards covering key concepts from lectures on Opioids, Hallucinogens, and related pharmacological effects.

What are opioids? What are the principal active ingredients?

Any drug (natural or synthetic) with properties similar to opium or its principal psychoactive ingredients: morphine, codeine, and thebaine.

What is the primary natural source of opium?

The poppy plant, Papaver somniferum.

What is the most abundant psychoactive constituent of opium?

Morphine.

What is heroin classified as?

A semi-synthetic form of opioid.

How does heroin differ from morphine in terms of lipid solubility?

Heroin has better lipid solubility due to the addition of 2 acetyl groups.

What are designer opioids?

Modified versions of controlled substances designed for improved potency and easier production.

What is the 'Golden Triangle' in relation to heroin?

An area consisting of parts of Thailand, Laos, Myanmar (Burma), and Yunnan Province in China where illicit heroin is sourced.

What are the primary effects of opioids?

Analgesia, euphoria/reinforcement, and respiratory depression.

What is naloxone (Narcan)?

A competitive Mu opioid receptor antagonist used to treat opioid overdoses.

Define Cannabis sativa in the context of THC content.

Cannabis sativa refers to plants that contain more than 0.3% THC.

What is the principle psychoactive compound found in cannabis?

Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).

What is the difference between hemp and marijuana?

Hemp contains less than 0.3% THC, while marijuana contains more than 0.3% THC.

What are the potential cognitive effects of chronic cannabis use?

Impaired memory, attention, and learning capabilities.

What are classic hallucinogens?

Agents that alter thought, perception, and mood without producing significant memory or intellectual impairment.

What therapeutic effect is linked to psychedelic drug therapy?

Potential treatment for depression, anxiety disorders, and PTSD.

Describe the 'rush' associated with opioid use.

A powerful opioid experience typically seen with short-acting forms like heroin.

What are some withdrawal symptoms of opioids?

Restlessness, agitation, yawning, chills, sweating, stomach cramps, and diarrhea.

What does the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for Opioid Use Disorder include?

Impaired control, excessive use, and social impairment.

What is the significance of the 'big three' effects of opioids?

They encompass analgesia, euphoria, and respiratory depression, highlighting the drug's impact on health.