EXploration

Motives for Exploration (including the 3 G’s)

Gold, Glory, God

Missionaries

people who try to spread their religion

Control of trade routes

Portugal had control of this

The Ottoman Empire

initiating increased restrictions and taxes on trade which as a result, the Europeans sought new trade routes to Asia

Cartography

the science or art of making maps

Astrolabe

an navigation tool used for taking the altitude of the sun or stars while at sea

Caravel

a light sailing ship of the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries in Europe, much-used by the Spanish and Portuguese for long voyages

Prince Henry the Navigator

a founding father of the Age of Exploration

Bartholomeu Dias

opened the sea route to Asia via the Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean

Vasco da Gama

the first European to find an ocean trading route to India

Scurvy

a disease caused by lack of vitamin C, sickened sailors who had no access to fresh food supplies

Christopher Columbus

His voyages revealed two continents new to Europeans and initiated a period of rapid colonization, exploration, and exploitation in the Americas

Line of Demarcation

one specific line drawn along a meridian in the Atlantic Ocean as part of the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 to divide new lands claimed by Portugal from those of Spain

Treaty of Tordesillas 1494

agreement between Spain and Portugal dividing the rights to colonize all lands outside of Europe

Ferdinand Magellan

a Portuguese explorer who is credited with masterminding the first expedition to circumnavigate the world

Circumnavigate

the complete navigation around an entire island, continent, or astronomical body

The Northwest Passage

a sea corridor through Canada's Arctic archipelago and along the northern coast of North America. European explorers searched in vain for the passage for 300 years, intent on finding a commercially viable western sea route between Europe and Asia

Henry Hudson

made four voyages in search of a water route to the Far East

Colony

a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country

Columbian Exchange

The process by which commodities, people, and diseases crossed the Atlantic

Corn & potatoes

caused the world's population to rise after 1500

The Commercial Revolution

A time in which new business practices\* developed and changes in European society took place as the result of increased trade

Capitalism

allowed for private ownership of wealth and the means of producing wealth

Inflation

The increase in economic activity in Europe led to an overall increase in many nations' money supply

Entrepreneurs

A person who undertakes the risk of starting a new business venture

Joint stock company

created so that investors could pool their resources and negate personal risk.

Mercantilism

an economic philosophy in which a country seeks to amass as much raw wealth as possible, usually through trading, monopolizing resources, and strict regulation

Tariffs

a form of tax applied on imports from other countries

Tenochtitlan

the capital of the Aztec Empire

Chinampas

small, stationary, artificial island built on a freshwater lake for agricultural purposes

The Andes Mountains

world's longest range of mountains and runs north to south along the Pacific Ring of Fire and seven countries from Venezuela to Chile

Foot bridges & roads

allow pedestrians to cross water or railways in areas where there are no nearby roads

Terrace Farming

the practice of cutting flat areas out of a hilly or mountainous landscape in order to grow crops

**Quipa**

recording devices used by the Inka Empire, the largest empire in pre-Columbian America

Conquistadors

any of the leaders in the Spanish conquest of America, especially of Mexico and Peru, in the 16th century

Hernan Cortes

Spanish conquistador responsible for conquering the Aztec Empire and building Mexico City which secured Spain's position in the New World

Montezuma

known for his dramatic confrontation with the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés

Francisco Pizarro

explorer, soldier and conquistador best known for conquering the Incas and executing their leader, Atahuapla

Alliances

agreement to not fight between the countries

Atlantic Slave Trade

This was the trading of slaves from Africa and Europe to south America

Triangular Trade

This is the trade between three regions. Africa, Europe, and the Americas

The Middle Passage

This is the passage that slaves would take to the Americas. The connection between Europe and America