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Motives for Exploration (including the 3 G’s)
Gold, Glory, God
Missionaries
people who try to spread their religion
Control of trade routes
Portugal had control of this
The Ottoman Empire
initiating increased restrictions and taxes on trade which as a result, the Europeans sought new trade routes to Asia
Cartography
the science or art of making maps
Astrolabe
an navigation tool used for taking the altitude of the sun or stars while at sea
Caravel
a light sailing ship of the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries in Europe, much-used by the Spanish and Portuguese for long voyages
Prince Henry the Navigator
a founding father of the Age of Exploration
Bartholomeu Dias
opened the sea route to Asia via the Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean
Vasco da Gama
the first European to find an ocean trading route to India
Scurvy
a disease caused by lack of vitamin C, sickened sailors who had no access to fresh food supplies
Christopher Columbus
His voyages revealed two continents new to Europeans and initiated a period of rapid colonization, exploration, and exploitation in the Americas
Line of Demarcation
one specific line drawn along a meridian in the Atlantic Ocean as part of the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 to divide new lands claimed by Portugal from those of Spain
Treaty of Tordesillas 1494
agreement between Spain and Portugal dividing the rights to colonize all lands outside of Europe
Ferdinand Magellan
a Portuguese explorer who is credited with masterminding the first expedition to circumnavigate the world
Circumnavigate
the complete navigation around an entire island, continent, or astronomical body
The Northwest Passage
a sea corridor through Canada's Arctic archipelago and along the northern coast of North America. European explorers searched in vain for the passage for 300 years, intent on finding a commercially viable western sea route between Europe and Asia
Henry Hudson
made four voyages in search of a water route to the Far East
Colony
a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country
Columbian Exchange
The process by which commodities, people, and diseases crossed the Atlantic
Corn & potatoes
caused the world's population to rise after 1500
The Commercial Revolution
A time in which new business practices* developed and changes in European society took place as the result of increased trade
Capitalism
allowed for private ownership of wealth and the means of producing wealth
Inflation
The increase in economic activity in Europe led to an overall increase in many nations' money supply
Entrepreneurs
A person who undertakes the risk of starting a new business venture
Joint stock company
created so that investors could pool their resources and negate personal risk.
Mercantilism
an economic philosophy in which a country seeks to amass as much raw wealth as possible, usually through trading, monopolizing resources, and strict regulation
Tariffs
a form of tax applied on imports from other countries
Tenochtitlan
the capital of the Aztec Empire
Chinampas
small, stationary, artificial island built on a freshwater lake for agricultural purposes
The Andes Mountains
world's longest range of mountains and runs north to south along the Pacific Ring of Fire and seven countries from Venezuela to Chile
Foot bridges & roads
allow pedestrians to cross water or railways in areas where there are no nearby roads
Terrace Farming
the practice of cutting flat areas out of a hilly or mountainous landscape in order to grow crops
Quipa
recording devices used by the Inka Empire, the largest empire in pre-Columbian America
Conquistadors
any of the leaders in the Spanish conquest of America, especially of Mexico and Peru, in the 16th century
Hernan Cortes
Spanish conquistador responsible for conquering the Aztec Empire and building Mexico City which secured Spain's position in the New World
Montezuma
known for his dramatic confrontation with the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés
Francisco Pizarro
explorer, soldier and conquistador best known for conquering the Incas and executing their leader, Atahuapla
Alliances
agreement to not fight between the countries
Atlantic Slave Trade
This was the trading of slaves from Africa and Europe to south America
Triangular Trade
This is the trade between three regions. Africa, Europe, and the Americas
The Middle Passage
This is the passage that slaves would take to the Americas. The connection between Europe and America