4.3 learning approaches: social learning theory

Define social learning theory

A way of explaining behaviour that includes direct reinforcement (operant/ classical) and indirect (vicarious)

What were banduras assumptions

Behaviour is learned through experience and observation/ imitation of others. This occurs directly and indirectly

What is vicarious reinforcement

Indirect learning through observation, the learner will imitate the behaviour if its seen to be rewarded

What are mediational processes

The cognitive factors involved in learning

List the 4 mediational processes

1. Attention

2. Retention

3. Motor reproduction

4. Motivation (was it rewarded or punished)

What is identification

• people are more likely to imitate those who they identify with, such as a role model

What are the typical features of a role model

• similar characteristics

• Attractive

• High status

Describe banduras research

• young children watched an adult behave in an aggressive way towards the bobo doll

• Later the children were observed

• Those who observed an aggressive adult behaved more aggressively towards the bobo doll than those who observed a non-aggressive adult

Who was James Bulger

A toddler murdered by two 10 year old boys who were inspired by a horror film. Shows the media can lead to violence through SLT

Evaluation - cognitive factors

• recognises cognitive factors through the role of mediational processes

• So less deterministic

• Counterpoint - doesn’t recognise biological differences, e.g observation is due to mirror neurons

Evaluation - lab studies

• may not be valid results due to demand characteristics

• This is from being watched and bobo dolls having the purpose to be hit

• So results aren’t representative of everyday life

Evaluation - real world application

• cross cultural, can explain how cultures are transmitted

• Application to the media, James Bulger

Evaluation - less deterministic

• emphasised reciprocal determinism, not just influenced by external factors, we also have an element of free will

• However the behaviourists would disagree and would deny the possibility of free will