High-Risk Pregnancy and Complications

Flashcards covering key concepts related to high-risk pregnancies, complications, and nursing management.

Risk Factors for High-Risk Pregnancy

Includes diabetes, cardiac and respiratory disorders, anemia, and specific types of infection.

Spontaneous Abortion

A common early pregnancy complication occurring between 7-12 weeks, often before a woman knows she is pregnant.

Threatened Abortion

Slight bleeding with no cervical change; can be assessed via ultrasound to confirm viability.

Incomplete Abortion

Some products of conception are passed; requires dilation and curettage (D&C) for removal.

Complete Abortion

All products of conception are passed; follow-up is required to assess HcG levels.

Missed Abortion

Nonviable embryo retained; may require induction or D&C.

Ectopic Pregnancy

Implantation of the embryo outside the uterus, typically in the fallopian tube, posing serious risks to the mother.

Cervical Insufficiency

Premature dilation of the cervix, managed with bed rest and possibly a cervical cerclage.

Preeclampsia

A pregnancy complication characterized by hypertension and proteinuria, usually developing after 20 weeks.

HELLP Syndrome

A severe form of preeclampsia involving hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets.

PROM

Premature rupture of membranes occurring before labor, which can lead to infection and premature birth.

Gestational Diabetes

Diabetes that occurs during pregnancy, requiring monitoring and management to prevent complications.

Postpartum Hemorrhage

Quantified as greater than 1000 ml of blood loss after delivery, often due to uterine atony.

Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome

A condition in newborns exposed to opioids, characterized by irritability and withdrawal symptoms.

Transient Tachypnea of Newborn

Delayed fluid clearance from the lungs, typically resolving within 2-3 days.

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

A condition in premature infants due to insufficient surfactant production, leading to breathing difficulties.

Benign Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia

Physiological jaundice occurring after 24 hours of birth, due to immature liver function.

Significant Hyperbilirubinemia

Jaundice beginning before 24 hours, often due to blood type incompatibility.

Shoulder Dystocia

An obstetrical emergency where the fetal shoulders become lodged behind the mother's pelvis.

VBAC

Vaginal birth after cesarean, which poses risks such as uterine rupture.

Instrumental Delivery

Assisted vaginal delivery using forceps or vacuum for fetal extraction.