exception handling and templates

an exception

undesriable or abnormal event that occurs during program execution

run time error(exeception)

an error that occurs during run time when the program encounters something that cannot run

exception handling

code that runs when an exception occurs

purpose of exception handling

code that runs when an exception occurs

try block

contains code that may produce an exception

throw

signals that an error has occured

catch block

handles the exception

type matching rule

the catch block handles only the type of the exception the code is designed for

no exception behavior

of no exception thrown, all catch blocks are skipped

exception thrown behavior

the try block ends and remaining statements are skipped

multiple catch blocks

only one matching catch block executes

catch all handler(…)

catches any type of exception and should be placed last

order of catch blocks

must go from more specific to less specific

assert

stops the program immediately if a condition is false

throwing an exception

we say that a program throws an exception

user defined exception

a class created by the programmer to handle specific errors

template

allows writing one function or class that works with different data types

function template

a function that can work with any data type using a template parameter

template syntax

template <class T>

template parameter(T)

a placeholder for a data type

generic programming

writing code that works for multiple data types

template function use

the compiler replaces T with the actual data type when the function is called

example idea

instead of writing multiple max functions, use one template function