Chapter 7 cardiovascular System

arteries, capillaries, veins

3 types of blood vessels

elastic fibers and smooth muscle

What is the composition of the middle layer of an arterial wall?

Capillaries

Which blood vessels are the only ones small,thin and porous enough to exchange substances to the tissue cell?

Inner layer

Which of the 3 layers of arterial wall is composed of endothelium?

middle layer

which of the 3 layers of the arterial wall plays an important role in determining blood pressure with the vessel?

arteriole

which blood vessel carries blood AWAY from the heart?

It rises / gets higher

What happens to blood pressure when smooth muscle within the walls of the arterial blood vessels contract?

capillaries

What is the only site if nutrients/waste in the cardiovascular system?

precapillary sphincters

What structure contracts to close off the capillary bed and direct blood from the arteriole to the venule?

veins

Which type of blood vessel had thin walls, contains valves to direct blood?

Aorta & Venae Cavae

Largest artery in the systemic circuit is the _____ and the largest veins are the ______?

Hepatic portal system

The system that begins at the intestines and flows through the liver, monitoring the blood is?

coronary

What arteries serve the heart muscle itself and is the first branch off the aorta?

Hepatic vein

What vein leaves the liver and enters the inferior Vena cava?

Which of these associations is mismatched

Pulmonary & Systematic

What are the 2 circuits of the cardiovascular system?

Pulmonary vein

What part of the pulmonary circuit carries oxygen-rich blood?

Right

Which side of the heart pumps blood to the pulmonary circuit?

60 - 80 beats per minute

Normal adult heart rate

contraction & relaxation

Systole corresponds to the heart muscle ___ where diastole refers to heart muscle ____

Ventricular fibulation

Rapid and dangerously uncoordinated ventricular contractions are?

systolic pressure

The highest arterial blood pressure

pulse

alternating expansion and contraction of elastic arterial walls can be felt as

sphygomamanometer

The device to measure blood pressure

electrocardiogram

Body fluids conduct an electrical charge and electrodes that monitor activity of the heart give a printed record

diastolic

The lowest arterial pressure is

blood pressure

the pressure of blood against blood vessel walls is

purkinje fibers

Portion of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart which spreads the contraction impulse throughout the ventricles is

diastole

Term that refers to the relaxation of heart is

A complete sequence of events in one heartbeat

What is a cardiac cycle?

The closing of the valves

That makes the ‘lub-dup’ sound of the heart beat?

epinephrine & norpinephrine

2 hormones that are released from the adrenal medulla and increases heart rate?

monitor heart activity

Purpose of monitoring heart with ECG

radial, brachial, carotid

3 examples of pulse points

SA node

What structure initiates the normal contraction impulse in the heart?

capillaries

Which blood vessel has the most cross-sectional area where blood velocity is the lowest?

120/80 mmng

normal resting blood pressure

SA node

Which node is pace maker?

ventricle about to contract

What is the QRS wave of an ECG associated with?

skeletal muscle contraction, respiratory movements, presence of valves in veins

Venous blood return is dependent of what 3 things?

Atrioventricular (AV) node

what structure conducts the contraction impulse from the atria to ventricle?

Aorta

Where is blood pressure highest?

Sympathetic - prepares for body action

Parasympathetic - promotes relaxation

what are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system? what is the difference?

Angina Pectoris

condition characterized by thoracic pain resulting from partially blocked coronary arteries, usually preceded by heart attack.

Atherosclerosis

Condition in which fatty substances accumulate abnormally beneath the inner lining of arteries.

Congestive heart failure

inability of the heart to maintain adequate circulation, especially of the venpus blood retured to

embolus

moving blood clot

thrombus

stationary blood clot

asprin

reduces the stickiness of platelets, lowers the probability of a clot

anerysm

ballooning of blood vessel

thromboembolism

clot that has been carried but now is stationary

phlebitis

inflammation of vein

angioplasty

Procedure where a plastic tube is threaded through an artery to the obstruction and an attached balloon is inflated is

myocardial infarction

When a portion of the heart muscle dies due to lack of oxygen ( heart attack)

plaque

deposit of fatty materials and cholesterol beneath the inner lining of arteries

True

Are hemorrhoids a type of varicose vein?

Coronary bypass surgery

operation where surgeon takes segment of a blood vessel and stitches it to one end of aorta and coronary artery past point of obstruction

stroke

cerebrovascular accident, often results when small cranial arteriole bursts or is blocked by embolus.

atherosclerosis

accumulation of soft masses of fatty materials, cholesterol, beneath inner ling of materials

hyper tension

disorder when you have high blood pressure

varicose veins

develop when valves of veins become weak, ineffective due to backward pressure of blood

chordae tendineae

string-like structures that anchor valve cusps of the AV valves

pericardium

membrane covering the outer surface of the heart

atrioventricular & semi lunar

2 main valves in heart

direct the flow of blood

function of heart valves

superior vena cava & inferior vena cava

2 veins that carry oxygen-poor blood into the right atrium

pulmonary veins

which part of pulmonary trunk carries oxygen rich blood

septum

wall that separates heart right and left sides

right ventricle

What ventricle send blood to lungs

left ventricle

What ventricle sends blood throughout the body