BIO 251 EXAM 1 week 1- CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY with complete expert curated questions and answers (with Diagrams)

anatomy

study of body structures

Physiology

study of functions

ventral

towards the front or belly

dorsal

toward the back or spine

anterior

toward the ventral side

posterior

toward the dorsal side

cephalic

towards the head or superior end

rostral

toward the forehead or nose

caudal

towards the tail or inferior end

superior

above

inferior

below

medial

toward the midline

lateral

away from the midline

proximal

closer to the point of attachment

distal

farther from the point of attachment

ipsilateral

on the same side of the body

contralateral

on opposite side

superficial

closer to surface

deep

farther from surface

axial region

cephalic (head)

cervical (neck)

thoracic (chest)

abdominal (belly)

pelvic (hip)

pubic (groin)

appendicular region

axillary (armpit)

brachial (upper arm)

antecubital (front of elbow)

carpal (wrist)

palmer (palm)

pollex (thumb)

digital (finger)

patellar (anterior of surface of knee)

crural (leg)

pedal (foot)

right upper quadrant

liver

gall bladder

portion of stomach

right kidney

portion of pancreas

right adrenal gland

(quadrant)

left upper quadrant

stomach

pancreas

left kidney

spleen

left adrenal gland

(quadrant)

right lower quadrant

appendix

portions of reproductive organs

right ureter

(quadrant)

left lower quadrant

portions of reproductive organs

left ureter

(quadrant)

Right Hypochrondriac Region

liver

gallbladder

right kidney

portions of small and large intestine

epigastric region

liver

stomach

pancreas

duodenum

spleen

adrenal glands

left hypochondriac region

spleen

large and small intestines

left kidney

pancreas

stomach

small portion of liver

right lumbar region

portions of the ascending colon

portions of the small intestine

right kidney

umbilical region

duodenum

small intestine

transverse colon

left lumbar region

portions of the descending colon

portions of the small intestine

left kidney

right iliac region

appendix

cecum

ascending colon

small intestine

hypogastric region

urinary bladder

portions of the sigmoid colon

small intestine

reproductive organs

left iliac region

portions of the sigmoid colon

descending colon

small intestines

transverse plan

runs horizontally, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts

sagittal plane

divides body into left and right

frontal plane

divides the body into anterior and posterior portions (front and back)

Levels of organization

atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organism

four body cavities

cranial (brain)

vertebral (spinal cord)

thoracic (heart and lungs)

abdominopelvic (abdominal and pelvic organs)

anatomical position

To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward

homeostasis

maintain steady state of the body's internal environment

positive feedback

enhance effects of original stimulus

controls infrequent events that dont require long term adjustements

ex: labor or blood loss

negative feedback

counteracts/ reduces original stimulus that caused imbalance

ex: body temp or blood glucose levels

parasagittal plane

Divides body into unequal right and left sides