Physiology Cardiovascular Disorders

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9 Terms

1
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HEART MURMUR

  • Certain irregularities within heart activity can lead to the heartbeat making strange noises

  • Many are innocent…

    • and can happen temporarily (fever, exertion, pregnancy)

    • or can be permanent (hyperthyroidism, genetics)

  • Some are life threatening

    • Holes in heart, valve problems, abnormal blood flow

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ANEURYSM

  • Artery walls can weaken, and then eventually balloon in size

    • Often due to long term problems like hypertension

  • Can be lethal, or may result in nothing

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CARDIAC ARREST (1)

  • Cardiac arrests are defined as the failure of your heart to contract enough

    • It does not inherently mean the heart has stopped beating (though that can be true)

    • It is not the same as a heart attack, which is the result of a blockage within the heart (thrombus/embolus)

    • Regardless, the results are often lethal

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CARDIAC ARREST (2)

  • Most roads to cardiac arrest start with atherosclerosis; the accumulation of plaque in your arteries

  • Plaque reduces blood flow, which causes your heart to pump harder to compensate


This can lead to hypertension. Though, as seen in the video, hypertension can also lead to atherosclerosis. Both conditions form a positive feedback loop

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CARDIAC ARREST (3)

  • As a muscle, even the heart will enlarge over time(like a skeletal muscle)

Our coronary circulation is not designed to nourish an enlarged heart, which will eventually cause it to fail (cardiac arrest)

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SOLUTIONS (1)

  • Angioplasty/Stents

    • A balloon catheter is used to dilate a narrow vessel

    • A metal stent may also be placed to keep the artery open

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SOLUTIONS (2

  • Bypass surgery

    • When a vessel is too clogged, other vessels can be surgically attached to your heart to “bypass” the clog

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SOLUTIONS (3)

  • A healthier diet provides less opportunity for plaque to form


  • Regular exercise helps clean arteries of plaque

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CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

  • When heart muscles are weak, the heart cannot pump enough blood throughout the body

  • This often leads to lung and kidney issues, among other things