IHUM

Kaiser Wilhelm II

last German Emperor and King of PrussiaAdolf Hitler

Kaiser Wilhelm II

last German Emperor and King of Prussia

Adolf Hitler

German Nazi dictator

Josef Stalin

dictator of the Soviet Union

Winston Churchill

Prime Minister of Great Britain

Franklin D. Roosevelt

President of the United States during most of the Depression and most of World War II.

Martin Luther King Jr.

Leader of the civil rights movement

Betty Friedan

United States feminist who founded a national organization for women; The Feminine Mystique

Roland Barthes

French theorist combined the use of semiotics with a cultural component that included the creation of social myth

Jacques Derrida

1960s; French philosopher;

Robert Venturi

American Architect who popularized "post-modernism"

"Less is More"

Holocaust

elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled.

Jazz

A style of dance music popular in the 1920s

rock and roll

music that grew out of rhythm and blues and that became popular in the 1950s

rap music

This genre arose out of the hip-hop culture in New York City in the 1970s and 1980s.

Epic Theatre

Theatrical movement of the early 1920's and 1930 characterized by the use of such artificial devices as cartoons, posters, and film sequences distancing the audience from theatrical illusion and following focus on the play's message.

gulag

Russian prison camp for political prisoners

the great depression

the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s

the new deal

A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression.

WPA (Works Progress Administration)

key New Deal agency that provided work relief through various public-works projects

Decolonization

The collapse of colonial empires. Between 1947 and 1962, practically all former colonies in Asia and Africa gained independence.

passive resistance

Nonviolent opposition to authority

Existentialism

A philosophy based on the idea that people give meaning to their lives through their choices and actions

Abstract Expressionism

An artistic movement that focused on expressing emotion and feelings through abstract images and colors, lines and shapes.

action painting

application of paint to canvas by dripping, splashing, or smearing that emphasizes the artist's gestures

mobiles

kinetic sculptures

Pop Art

art based on modern popular culture and the mass media, especially as a critical or ironic comment on traditional fine art values.

Environmental Art

art that is created to be part of a landscape.

Minimalism

an art movement in sculpture and painting that began in the 1950s and emphasized extreme simplification of form and color

the beat generation

Group highlighted by writers and artist who stressed spontaneity and spirituality instead of apathy and conformity.

Happenings

art in motion

Silkscreen

method of printmaking using a stencil and paint pushed through a screen

feminism

A female movement for gender equality.

postmodernism

the belief that society is no longer governed by history or progress

Deconstruction

a type of critical postmodern analysis that involves taking apart or disassembling old ways of thinking

Postcolonialism

the cultural and economic legacy of colonialism

Global Village

the world considered as a single community linked by telecommunications.

Mass Media

Forms of communication, such as newspapers and radio, that reach millions of people.

green architecture

designing and building homes with environmental considerations

"Difficult Whole"

describes the postmodern condition set to establish open-ended architecture with eclectic styles, with multiple meanings, and openness to interpretation. Vitality and validity, but not homogenous unity.

Louis Armstrong (Jazz)

Satchmo; distict gravel voice; trumpet player

Elvis Presley (rock&roll)

white singer with a black man's voice

The Beatles (rock&roll)

Biggest group of all time; revolutionized music; Brits

Franz Kafka (modernism)

Czech novelist who wrote in German about a nightmarish world of isolated and troubled individuals (1883-1924)

Marc Chagall (modernism)

Russian; stained glass maker; rebuild post wwii

Sergei Prokofiev (modernism)

Peter and the Wolf; easy understanding of orchestral pieces

Dmitri Shostakovich (modernism)

sarcastic patriot of Russia; only a fool wouldn't understand this mockery (enter Soviet Union leaders)

Albert Speer (fascist)

German Nazi architect who worked for Hitler; Nazi Rally Grounds

Leni Riefenstahl (fascist)

Made documentary propaganda for Hitler. 'The Triumph of the Will'. Her film was a powerful stand of the 'Nazi Rebirth'.

Marcello Piacentini (fascist)

Italian architect; modern but WITH ROMAN COLOMNS

Diego Rivera (Mexican Mural Movement)

Mexican Muralist who created artworks in Mexico and the U.S. focusing on political messages.

Jean-Pual Sartre (existentialism)

"when the rich wage war, its the poor who die"

Simone de Beauvoir (existentialism)

French author of The Second Sex. She argued for women's rights and was also a prominent figure in the existentialist movement. She died in 1986.

Albert Camus (existentialism)

French existentialist who stated that in spite of the general absurdity of human life, individuals could make rational sense out of their own existence through meaningful personal decision making

Samuel Beckett (existentialism)

Irish absurdest playwright; dealt with dullness of routine; futility of human action, inability to communicate; Nobel Prize: didn't attend ceremony; wrote Waiting for Godot

Sylvia Plath (feminism)

American poet and novelist of the confessional school whose tempestuous life was the subject of many of her poems. "Daddy," "The Bell Jar." She commited suicide.

Willem de Kooning (Abstract expressionism)

chaotic human cubist

Jackson Pollock (Abstract expressionism)

action painting; movement

Mark Rothko (Color Field Painting)

feeling from color; very vibrant

Georgia O'Keeffe (American modernism)

cow skulls and the desert

Helen Frankenthaler (color field painting)

blocks of color; almost child-like

Alexander Calder (mobiles)

kinetic sculptures

Alan Ginsberg ("The Beat Generation")

philosopher and author; compared west (black and white) versus east (grey)

Frida Kahlo (Surrealism)

balance between proud Mexican and European influence

Jasper Johns (obvious image)

took things everyone knows and did it in a different style

Claes Oldenburg (pop art)

funny; silly; large scale sculptures

Andy Warhol (pop art)

cynical; dehumanizing; silkscreen painting

Roy Lichtenstein (pop art)

comic book style

Robert Smithson (Environmental art)

Salt Flat Jetty

Donald Judd (minimalism)

autonomony and clarity; block colors

Philip Glass (minimalism)

composer; focused on simplicity

John Williams (postmodernism)

Star Wars; composer

Maya Lin (postmodernism art)

sculptures and land art

Renzo Piano (postmodernism)

Italian architect

Frank Genry (postmodernism)

architect; Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain

Lin-Manuel Miranda (postmodernism)

Hamilton composer

Victor Fleming (Hollywood)

director of Wizard of Oz and Gone with the Wind

Steven Spielberg (Hollywood)

Director of Jurassic Park, Indiana Jones, and the Color Purple

Christopher Nolan (Hollywood)

director of The Dark Knight, Inception; metaphysical works

Faith Ringgold

impressionism and cubism; NYC

Nam June Paik

Neo-dada movement; undefined-definition=limitation

Bill Viola

contemporary art; videographer; human experiences (life, death)

Christo and Jeanne-Claude

Environmentalism, works with fabric in large landscapes. Never permanent.

Damien Hirst

young British artist; pointillism

Andy Goldsworthy

earth art; used natural materials

Amish Kapoor

Indian; stainless steal or primary colors; fractured reflections

Abraham Cruzvillegas

auto-deconstruction; giving dead materials new life

Shirin Neshat

contemporary artist; videographer; contrasting ideas;

David Bradley

Native American activist; art fraud

Monster Chetwynd

performance art; gaps real and interpretation

Nikita Gale

sculpture; film; text; sound; political

Lucas Cranach (Reformation)

"Portrait of Martin Luther"

Hans Holbein (Tudor England)

"Henry VIII"

William Shakespeare (Tudor England)

"Othello"

Michelangelo Caravaggio (Baroque Italy)

"The Conversion of St. Paul"

Gian Lorenzo Bernini (Baroque Italy)

"The Throne of St. Peter"

Jan Vermeer (Baroque Netherlands)

"Woman Reading a Letter"

Rembrandt van Rijn (Baroque Netherlands)

"The Night Watch (The Company of Frans Banning Cocq)"

Peter Paul Rubens (Baroque France)

"The Arrival of Marie de' Medici"